Abstract
Hybrid materials combining organic and inorganic compounds used as scaffolds are highly beneficial in bone regeneration. In this study, we successfully produced by blend electrospinning poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) (PHBV) scaffolds enriched with hydroxyapatite (HA) particles to biomimic bone tissue for improved and faster regeneration processes. The morphology, fiber diameters, and composition of the scaffolds were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques followed by focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning to verify HA particles integration with PHBV fibers. In vitro cell culture was performed for 7 days and followed with the cell proliferation test (CellTiter-Blue® Assay). Additionally, cell integration with the scaffold was visualized by confocal and SEM imaging. We developed a simple way of obtaining hybrid scaffolds by electrospinning PHBV solution with HA particles without any post-processing. The PHBV + HA scaffold enhanced cell proliferation and filopodia formation responsible for cell anchoring within the created 3D environment. The obtained results show the great potential in the development of hybrid scaffolds stimulating bone tissue regeneration.
Highlights
The tissue regeneration process is strongly dependent on cell interaction with the materials used as a scaffold to enhance their growth and development
Particles near to the fiber border change the morphology from mostly smooth, this was observed for poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) (PHBV) fibers, to highly irregular and porous fibers observed for the PHBV + HA scaffold, see Figures 1B,E
This study represents a simple way of obtaining hybrid scaffolds by blend electrospinning a PHBV solution with HA particles without any post-processing
Summary
The tissue regeneration process is strongly dependent on cell interaction with the materials used as a scaffold to enhance their growth and development. A widely exploited approach of tissue engineering aims to create functional structures in laboratory conditions that after implantation will replace, restore, or improve the functions of damaged or diseased organs. For this purpose, it combines cells, scaffolds, and signals in the form of growth factors or structural, mechanical, and electrical stimuli (Cassidy and Cartmell, 2013; Salinas et al, 2018). Bone tissue is a complex structure with a hierarchical arrangement of extracellular matrix (ECM) built of collagen type I and hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. The structure and composition of ECM support the dynamic processes of bone formation and resorption during growth, remodeling, and healing
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