Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the bone regeneration capacity of powder-type biphasic ceramic scaffold (BCP powder), block-type BCP (BCP block), and collagen-added block-type BCP (BCP collagen) with different concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in an animal model. Four rabbits were assigned to each of the following groups: no graft + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), BCP powder + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), BCP block + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), and BCP collagen + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), i.e., a total of 32 rabbits. Polycarbonate tubes (Φ 7 mm × 5 mm) for supporting scaffolds were fixed into a 7 mm round border. Subsequently, 0.1 mL of rhBMP-2 solutions with different concentrations was injected into the tubes. Both radiological and histomorphometric analyses showed that osteogenesis was not enhanced by increasing the concentration of rhBMP-2 in all groups at both 3 and 6 weeks. Radiological analysis showed that bone formation was higher in the BCP collagen group than in the BCP powder and BCP block groups at both rhBMP-2 concentrations at 3 weeks. rhBMP-2 enhanced bone formation; however, as the concentration increased, bone formation could not be enhanced infinitely. Collagen-added alloplastic graft material may be useful for mediating rapid bone formation in initial stages.
Highlights
Our study showed that there was no significant difference in bone formation between the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL and the 0.2 mg/mL
biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) block was manufactured in a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 7 mm and a height of 5 mm to fit a critical-sized defect (CSD) that was created during animal experiments
Administration of Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 promoted bone formation; a difference in bone formation based on concentration could not be identified
Summary
Selection of an appropriate bone graft material is necessary for ensuring successful alveolar bone augmentation. Autogenous bone grafts are considered the gold standard treatment; donor site morbidity limits their application, and it is difficult to provide a sufficient amount [1]. Tissue engineering technologies have been developed for bone augmentation, and many studies have focused on the development and application of growth factors and bone substitute materials [2,3]. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been studied for various clinical applications, especially for bone regeneration [5,6]. Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained using a minimally invasive technique, and their use can obviate the need for donor site surgery in autogenous bone graft procedures [6]
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