Abstract
Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/clay composites were produced to improve osseointegration and undesired tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation (low temperature degradation, LTD) of YSZ ceramics so that long-term clinical success of YSZ implants is achieved. Various amounts (0.5,1,2, and 4 wt%) of clay was incorporated to YSZ. Predetermined amounts of clay and YSZ were mixed and pressed uniaxially at 15 MPa into compacts that were subsequently pressureless sintered at 1450 °C. Density, compressive strength, hardness and indentation crack resistance of 4 wt% clay incorporated YSZ/clay composite were 5.77 ± 0.01 g/cm3, 1188 ± 121 MPa, 1223 ± 9 HV, and 4.4 ± 0.1 MPa√m, respectively. Additionally, biological properties of YSZ/clay composites were assessed in vitro using bone cells. Incorporation of 4 wt% clay significantly enhanced bone cell proliferation, spreading, and functions. Moreover, a significant increase in the LTD resistance of YSZ was achieved upon 4 wt% clay incorporation. The findings collectively suggest that YSZ/clay composites have a potential to be used as an alternative material for dental applications.
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