Abstract
Objective To prepare nanocomposite cements based on the incorporation of bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBGs) into BiodentineTM (BD, Septodent, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses Cedex, France) and to assess their bioactive properties.Material and Methods nBGs were synthesised by the sol-gel method. BD nanocomposites (nBG/BD) were prepared with 1 and 2% nBGs by weight; unmodified BD and GC Fuji IX (GIC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used as references. The in vitro ability of the materials to induce apatite formation was assessed in SBF by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. BD and nBG/BD were also applied to dentine discs for seven days; the morphology and elemental composition of the dentine-cement interface were analysed using SEM-EDX.Results One and two percent nBG/BD composites accelerated apatite formation on the disc surface after short-term immersion in SBF. Apatite was detected on the nBG/BD nanocomposites after three days, compared with seven days for unmodified BD. No apatite formation was detected on the GIC surface. nBG/BD formed a wider interfacial area with dentine than BD, showing blockage of dentine tubules and Si incorporation, suggesting intratubular precipitation.Conclusions The incorporation of nBGs into BD improves its in vitro bioactivity, accelerating the formation of a crystalline apatite layer on its surface after immersion in SBF. Compared with unmodified BD, nBG/BD showed a wider interfacial area with greater Si incorporation and intratubular precipitation of deposits when immersed in SBF.
Highlights
BiodentineTM (BD), a tricalcium silicate-based cement, was developed as a dentine substitute with clinical applications, including direct and indirect pulp capping9 and the restoration of coronal dentine16
It is well established that the placement of a permanent, properly sealed restoration is crucial to clinical success in indirect and direct pulp therapies11, a property that closely relates to the bioactivity of the applied restorative material
In vivo studies demonstrated the formation of reparative dentine after BD pulp capping, which is an evidence for its bioactivity, resulting in a bond with the tissue19; there are concerns about the stability of this interfacial layer, since only amorphous-calciumphosphate has been identified, not dentine-like hydroxyapatite13
Summary
BiodentineTM (BD), a tricalcium silicate-based cement, was developed as a dentine substitute with clinical applications, including direct and indirect pulp capping and the restoration of coronal dentine. BiodentineTM (BD), a tricalcium silicate-based cement, was developed as a dentine substitute with clinical applications, including direct and indirect pulp capping and the restoration of coronal dentine16 For some of these applications, the material may come into direct contact with pulpal tissues or with deeply carious dentine, making its biocompatibility and ability to seal in moist environments relevant clinical properties. In vivo studies demonstrated the formation of reparative dentine after BD pulp capping, which is an evidence for its bioactivity, resulting in a bond with the tissue; there are concerns about the stability of this interfacial layer, since only amorphous-calciumphosphate has been identified, not dentine-like hydroxyapatite
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