Abstract
Selenium nanoparticle modified surfaces attract increasing attention in the field of tissue engineering. Selenium exhibits strong anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and it maintains relatively low off-target cytotoxicity. In our paper, we present the fabrication, characterization and cytocompatibility of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotube surface decorated with various surface densities of chemically synthesized selenium nanoparticles. To evaluate antibacterial and anti-cancer properties of such nanostructured surface, gram negative bacteria E. coli, cancerous osteoblast like MG-63 cells and non-cancerous fibroblast NIH/3T3 were cultured on designed surfaces. Our results suggested that selenium nanoparticles improved antibacterial properties of titanium dioxide nanotubes and confirmed the anticancer activity towards MG-63 cells, with increasing surface density of nanoparticles. Further, the selenium decorated TiO2 nanotubes suggested deteriorating effect on the cell adhesion and viability of non-cancerous NIH/3T3 cells. Thus, we demonstrated that selenium nanoparticles decorated TiO2 nanotubes synthesized using sodium selenite and glutathione can be used to control bacterial infections and prevent the growth of cancerous cells. However, the higher surface density of nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface was found to be cytotoxic for non-cancerous NIH/3T3 cells and thus it might complicate the integration of biomaterial into the host tissue. Therefore, an optimal surface density of selenium nanoparticles must be found to effectively kill bacteria and cancer cells, while remaining favorable for normal cells.
Highlights
The widespread use and persisting negative properties of some metallic biomaterials for tissue engineering or surgical instruments aimed researches to modulate the surface characteristics of biomaterials into the form with desired functional surface properties
TiO2 nanotubes with 51,72 ± 5,55 nm diameter decorated with different surface densities of spherical selenium nanoparticles with 88,93 ± 6,87 nm diameter were fabricated via anodic oxidation and characterized with SEM, XPS and AFM
The release rate of selenium measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was found out very low for a long period of time, which indicates for the strong and stable adsorption of selenium nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes
Summary
The widespread use and persisting negative properties of some metallic biomaterials for tissue engineering or surgical instruments aimed researches to modulate the surface characteristics of biomaterials into the form with desired functional surface properties. Se-NPs decorated TiO2 and cytocompatibility responses in cell adhesion, viability, metabolism, antibacterial or anti-inflammatory activity. Nanostructured biomaterials were considered to exhibit various qualities, such as antibacterial activity [6, 7] or improved bioactivity [8, 9] that were not observed for their non-structured forms Materials such as titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in many replacements including orthopaedical, dental and cardiovascular implants and medical devices [10]. The favorable mechanical properties, exceptional corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of titanium [11] were attributed to a passive thin film of titanium dioxide (TiO2) formed on Ti surface [8] This thin layer was considered to impart bioactivity and chemical bonding between implant and the bone [2]. The adhesion was faster and stronger compared to the control, which was thought to avoid formation of fibrous tissue caused by a weak cell-surface interaction [2]
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