Abstract
The skin is a very suitable organ for the induction of immune responses to vaccine antigens. Antigen delivery systems to the skin by needle and syringe directly deposit the antigen into the epidermal-dermal compartment, one of the most immunocompetent sites due to the presence of professional antigen-presenting cells aimed at the induction of antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we analyzed the amount of ovalbumin as an antigen delivered to the skin by a microneedle. When ovalbumin protein as an antigen was delivered to the skin of mice using a dissolving microneedle, it induced an immune response through the enhanced proliferation and cytokines production by the splenocytes and lymph nodes. Also, it effectively increased the ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cell and CD4+ T cell population and induced an ovalbumin-specific CTL response against the graft of ovalbumin-expressing EG7 tumor cells in the immunized mice. Also, we identified the inhibition of tumor growth and prevention of tumor formation in the context of the therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine, respectively through EG-7 tumor mouse model. Finally, these data show the potential of patches as attractive antigen delivery vehicles.
Highlights
Skin can induce an immune response in reaction to a small amount of antigen and is known as an effective target site for vaccine delivery by antigens [1,2,3,4]
We investigate the applicability of the dissolving-microneedle-patch loaded antigen for vaccination purposes by using OVA as a model antigen for the induction of an immune response [1,5,27]
We investigated whether transdermal delivery systems using the dissolving-microneedle-patch loaded OVA induced or enhanced a cellular immune response against the target of interest based on antigen-specificity
Summary
Skin can induce an immune response in reaction to a small amount of antigen and is known as an effective target site for vaccine delivery by antigens [1,2,3,4]. Antigen-presenting cells, such as epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells, recognize antigens, and foreign agents coming from the corneum [1,2,3,4]. These cells readily uptake foreign antigens, migrate to the draining lymph node to present the antigen fragments to resting T lymphocytes, and initiate antigen-specific immune responses [1,2,3,4]. Vaccination through the skin is being studied and developed as an effective and successful approach to prevent infectious diseases and deliver
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