Abstract
This study developed an efficient and reliable system for inducing polyploidy in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, a top-grade medicinal orchid. The resulting tetraploid gave a significant enhancement on various agronomic traits, including dry weight, fresh weight, shoot length, root length, leaf width, the size of stoma, and number of chloroplasts per stoma. A reduction of the ratio of length to width was observed in stomata and leaves of the tetraploid, and consequently, an alteration of organ shape was found. The major bioactive compounds, total flavonoid and gastrodin, were determined by the aluminum chloride colorimetric method and ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The tetraploid produced significantly higher contents of total flavonoid and gastrodin in the leaf, the stem, and the whole plant when compared with the diploid. The resulting tetraploids in this study are proposed to be suitable raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry for enhancing productivity and reducing cost.
Highlights
Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, known as the Taiwan jewel orchid (2n = 2x = 24), is a small terrestrial orchid with high medicinal value grown in Taiwan and other countries [1]
In the presence of 100–1000 mg/L3.0colchicine, the inexplant became of 100–1000 explant became brown and couldmedium not produce shoot on shown)
The nodal-stem explants of A. formosanus performed well in the polyploidy induction via a three-day treatment of colchicine in the liquid medium. We suggest that this process could increase the exposure area of the shoot bud to the antimitotic agent and may reduce chimera
Summary
Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, known as the Taiwan jewel orchid (2n = 2x = 24), is a small terrestrial orchid with high medicinal value grown in Taiwan and other countries [1] This plant is called “The King of Medicine” or “The Tiger of Medicine” because of its multiple pharmaceutical effects, including protection of liver, anti-inflammatory, treatment of chest and abdominal pains, diabetes, nephritis, fever, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer prevention [2,3,4]. In spite of the importance of medical applications, there are only two reliable tissue culture protocols for mass propagation of this species, mainly via asymbiotic germination and multiple shoot induction from nodal stems, respectively [5,6] In this present study, we use nodal stems as explants to induce polyplidy via shoot induction. Otherwise, based on our knowledge, limited success was found in studying the physiology, genetics, and plant breeding of this species
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