Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most notorious plant pathogens affecting the production of tomato worldwide. While the occurrence of age-related resistance (ARR) against TYLCV has been reported, the factors impacting its development remain unknown. We conducted a series of experiments with three tomato cultivars that vary in basal resistance to TYLCV to explore factors involved in the development of ARR. Our data indicate that ARR is more pronounced in tomato cultivars with higher basal resistance. Additionally, increased plant biomass in older plants does not contribute to ARR. Virus source plants with a younger age at initial inoculation facilitates virus acquisition by whiteflies. Finally, an analysis on plant hormones suggests that salicylic acid (SA) may play a major role in the development of ARR in tomato against TYLCV. These findings provide new insights into the developmental resistance in tomato against TYLCV as well as clues for the deployment of ARR in the management of diseases caused by TYLCV.
Highlights
Plant viral diseases pose serious threats to the production of many crops worldwide (Jones, 2020)
There was no significant difference in whitefly survival rate and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) quantity in recovered whiteflies among plants of different cultivars (Figures 2E–G)
We explored the influence of basal resistance to TYLCV in tomato on age-related resistance (ARR) using three cultivars that differ in TYLCV resistance
Summary
Plant viral diseases pose serious threats to the production of many crops worldwide (Jones, 2020). Diseases caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) have imposed substantial losses to tomato production (Navas-Castillo et al, 2011; Dhaliwal et al, 2019). TYLCV infection in tomato plants results in yellowing and reduced size of the apical leaves, curling of leaf margins and stunted plant growth (Cohen and Harpaz, 1964; Prasad et al, 2020). Whilst TYLCV was confined to a few countries in Middle East in the first few decades post its characterization, its global spread started in 1980s when the Israel and Mild strains emerged and its whitefly vectors invaded many regions worldwide (Lefeuvre et al, 2010). TYLCV is transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex in a persistent circulative manner (Fiallo-Olivé et al, 2020; Wang and Blanc, 2021)
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