Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal which occurs in surface and ground waters as the Hg2+ ion. The aim of the present study was to develop carbon-based adsorbents that contain chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S) or nitrogen (N) functional groups in an attempt to enhance the removal of Hg2+ ions from aqueous environments. Thus, activated carbon (AC) was oxidized by treatment with nitric acid and then with thionyl chloride, followed by reaction with ethylenediamine, dithio-oxamide and 1,2-ethanedithiol, respectively. Such chemically-modified activated carbons were characterized by scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and potentiometry. Batch experiments to study the kinetics and equilibrium of Hg2+ ion adsorption were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the functionalized carbon adsorbents. Sample characterizations indicated that chlorine, sulphur or nitrogen functional groups were effectively immobilized onto th...
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