Abstract
Rain attenuation is considerably noticed in a frequency spectrum above 7-GHz for tropical equatorial regions and in a frequency spectrum higher than 10-GHz for temperate climates. The attenuation prediction method provided by the International Telecommunication Union-Recommendation (ITU-R), through Recommendation P.530-16 and P.618-13 utilize data collected from temperate regions. Since the average raindrop size is bigger and the rainfall rate is high in magnitude in tropical regions than that of non-tropical areas, this prediction model is not suitable for the measured rain data. Unfortunately, a rain fade mitigation technique based on local rain data has not been adequately studied in tropical regions. This paper presents an enhanced adaptive code modulation (ACM) for rainfall fade mitigation in Ethiopia. In this research work, locally collected one-minute rain rate data is used to determine the rain attenuation. Then based on this result, the neuro-fuzzy inference system is employed to enhance the mitigation technique. Furthermore, a comparison of the performance of this proposed scheme is with the non-adaptive technique, and fuzzy-based adaptive modulation and coding technique is carried out. MATLAB simulation result showed that lower-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme with a lower convolutional coding rate is better in maintaining link availability in bad weather conditions. However, spectral efficiency is improved by utilizing a larger constellation size of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme with a higher convolutional coding rate when the channel is not affected by rain.
Highlights
IntroductionThe massive demand for efficient and reliable wireless communication systems has been obtained critical attention from researchers and network designers to study communication systems that operate at microwave and millimetric wavebands
Nowadays, the massive demand for efficient and reliable wireless communication systems has been obtained critical attention from researchers and network designers to study communication systems that operate at microwave and millimetric wavebands.The reason for this is the inability of the lower frequency spectrum to handle this increasing demand for large bandwidth and high channel capacity due to congestion [1, 2]
Based on computation carried out using International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-R rain-induced attenuation model, the R0.01 is 113 mm/h for a frequency of operation 11-Giga Hertz (GHz) and a path distance of 13.4 km
Summary
The massive demand for efficient and reliable wireless communication systems has been obtained critical attention from researchers and network designers to study communication systems that operate at microwave and millimetric wavebands. The reason for this is the inability of the lower frequency spectrum to handle this increasing demand for large bandwidth and high channel capacity due to congestion [1, 2]. Droplets of rain that are found anywhere along the transmission path in between the radio links absorb and diffuse radio frequency This absorption and diffusion of radio waves cause attenuation in the transmitted signal and reduction of the link availability
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