Abstract
The efficacy of Coelatura aegyptiaca shell powder (CES, 500 mg/kg BW) was evaluated as a calcium supplement in ovariectomized (OVX) rats for ten weeks of treatment. The biochemical components and the antioxidant properties of the shell powder were determined. The bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in serum and bone, serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum calcitonin and parathyroid (PTH) hormones were determined. Furthermore, some of the oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were estimated in bone. The current study revealed that CES contained 19.38% Ca, 0.315% P as well as some of antioxidant amino acids which have a potent antioxidant activity against 1,1diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Administration of CES to OVX rats increased BMD, BMC, tibial Ca and P contents and BALP activity, as compared to OVX rats. An ameliorative effect was recorded in the levels of calcitonin, PTH, MDA, SOD, GPx and TAC subsequent to CES administration to OVX rats.This ameliorative effect of CES powder against osteoporosis may be attributed to its antioxidant efficacy and/or to its Ca content. In conclusion, CES may have the potential to develop a clinically useful anti-osteoporotic agent, since its effect was comparable with alendronate (6.5 mg/kg BW/week).
Highlights
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the organism and contributes approximately 1 to 2% to the adult human body weight
Since osteoporosis positively correlated with oxidative stress (OxS), the present study extends to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the C. aegyptiaca shell powder (CES) powder
The present study revealed that the calcium and phosphorus contents of CES powder were 193.8 and 3.15 mg/g shell powder, respectively
Summary
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the organism and contributes approximately 1 to 2% to the adult human body weight. Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder and is considered a risk of fracture (Yalin et al, 2012). It is a systemic metabolic bone disease which presents reduction in bone density together with abnormal structure (Kanis et al, 2008). Osteoporosis may appear in aged men and women due to negative calcium balance (Heaney, 1996). This case may result from a decrease in intestinal calcium absorption, insufficient dietary calcium intake, as well as increased urinary calcium loss associated with estrogen deficiency during menopause (Kaplan and Hirsch, 2004). Numerous studies indicate that adequate calcium intake improves bone mineral density (Peterlik et al, 2013)
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