Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide but the cause remains unclear. Marked differences in incidence between countries point towards exposure to environmental risk factors such as diet. However, studies on the impact of diet on prostate cancer risk remain inconclusive. In China, the prostate cancer incidence is remarkably low and their diet is distinct from that of other countries, hence the Chinese diet may provide clues for identifying protective, or risk-enhancing, effects of diet on prostate cancer risk. The aim of this study is to discuss diet and prostate cancer in South and East China. Materials and methods In a hospital-based case–control study, 285 prostate cancer cases and 370 controls were recruited from four centres in China between August 2005 and April 2009. Cases were men diagnosed with prostate cancer, controls were male patients admitted to the same hospitals. Dietary consumption was assessed using a 31-item food frequency questionnaire. Random effects logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios and 95% vals. Results After adjustment for age, education and intake of other foods within the same dietary groups, we observed a reduced risk of prostate cancer of approximately 50% associated with intakeofstonefruit,flowerandroot vegetables, garlic, dark fleshed fish and soymilk. Conclusion This study strengthens previous evidence of a protective effect of several food types on prostate cancer risk. Thisstudyconfirmstheimportance of diet on prostate cancer risk and may spur further research into particular dietary products.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide but the cause remains unclear
After adjustment for age, education and intake of other foods within the same dietary groups, we observed a reduced risk of prostate cancer of approximately 50% associated with intake of stone fruit, flower and root vegetables, garlic, dark fleshed fish and soymilk
This study confirms the importance of diet on prostate cancer risk and may spur further research into particular dietary products
Summary
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide but the cause remains unclear. Genetic predisposition is likely to play a role, these marked dissimilarities clearly suggest that exposure to environmental risk factors may be important in the development of the disease. This assumption is further supported by m igration studies that show increases in prostate cancer incidence among those who move from low-incidence countries to high-incidence countries[3,4]. Because dietary patterns are different bet ween countries, diet could be one of these risk factors for developing prostate cancer and may, be an import factor in the prevention of this disease
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