Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate phosphorus release (P) from poultry litter (composted and uncomposted poultry litter) to the soil under different pH and depth conditions of application in typical Red Distroferric Oxisolin the city of Toledo, western Parana state. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a randomized block design with treatments arranged in a 2x2x3 factorial scheme, consisting of two soil pH adjustments (5.5 and 6.0), two types of poultry litter (composted and uncomposted), and three different application depths (0, 0.05 and 0.10 m), with four replications. Regarding the assessment, P levels were determined from soil samples collected at the time of experiment implementation, followed by three other collections with 15days intervals. The largest P release into the soil at all depths of application and types of poultry litter was observed at pH 6.0 respect of pH 5.5. The application of uncomposted poultry litter onto the surface under pH 6.0 and during 45 days of evaluation released more P 45 days after application, followed by those at depths of 0.05 and 0.10 m. Uncomposted poultry litter was more efficient that composted in providing P, as evaluated by Mehlich-1 extractor. Key words: Decomposition, organic fertilizer, nutrient availability.
Highlights
The largest P release into the soil at all depths of application and types of poultry litter was observed at pH 6.0 respect of pH 5.5
We can observe that the highest values were obtained for uncomposted poultry litter at pH6.0
Regarding the types of poultry litter in pH 5.5, there were no significant differences for P release (p>0.05) among the samples taken; significant responses were found (p
Summary
Brazilian agriculture can be considered the major world supplier of food, whether of plant or animal origin and at the same time it has become an important focus of studies and potential supplier of renewable energy.Among the energy recycling forms there is the use of residue from agricultural activities such as poultry litter, which can be used by farmers as a source of nutrients infertilization (Zhang et al, 2002), providing an increase of total carbon and organic matter content to the soil (Adeli et al, 2008; Singh et al, 2009), improving the physical, chemical and biological quality of the soil (McGrath et al, 2009) and increasing crop productivity (Sistani etal., 2004).The use of poultry litter as fertilizer is the most common method and generally the most desirable form of organic fertilizer use as it provides essential nutrients to the plants (Costa et al, 2009). Brazilian agriculture can be considered the major world supplier of food, whether of plant or animal origin and at the same time it has become an important focus of studies and potential supplier of renewable energy. Among the energy recycling forms there is the use of residue from agricultural activities such as poultry litter, which can be used by farmers as a source of nutrients infertilization (Zhang et al, 2002), providing an increase of total carbon and organic matter content to the soil (Adeli et al, 2008; Singh et al, 2009), improving the physical, chemical and biological quality of the soil (McGrath et al, 2009) and increasing crop productivity (Sistani etal., 2004). Fertilization with poultry litter correctly performed, provides a greater potential yield and it can be used in different cultures and in the recovery of degraded areas due to their chemical, physical and microbiological benefits to the soil (Correa and Miele, 2011)
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