Abstract
Resistance to a wide variety of common antibiotics is observed among clinical strains designated as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. These produce enzymatic proteins that effectively inactivate cephalosporins and aztreonam and are a serious global health problem that complicates treatment strategies. Many studies report a high prevalence of ESBL producers among Gram-negative bacilli. The purpose of this work was to identify resistance genes in enterobacterial strains. Gram-negative bacilli resistant to at least one third-generation cephalosporin, aztreonam or showing a synergy image between amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and a third generation cephalosporin were isolated during an antibiogram. Antibiotic resistance was detected for the following antibiotics: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime and Aztreonam. Classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzes of Pseudomonas extended resistance (PER) and Guiana extended-spectrum (GES) β-lactamase genes were performed using specific primers in 60 ESBL-producing isolates. Among 250 strains of Gram negative bacilli collected, 60 strains (24%) showed resistance to antibiotics used. Stool samples are a major source of ESBL producers. The highest prevalence of resistant strains (35%) was observed in Escherichia coli. The GES and PER genes were simultaneously detected at a proportion of 13.33%. This study represents the first detection of PER and GES genes in multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in Burkina Faso. Key words: Broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), Pseudomonas extended resistance (PER) gene, Guiana extended-spectrum (GES) gene, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Highlights
Enterobacteria, which are mainly responsible for community and nosocomial bacterial infections, have developed mechanisms of resistance to the fatal action of the antibiotics used against them
The majority of ESBLs are derived from TEM and SHV enzymes, but new ESBLs have been described such as cefotaximase (CTX-M), oxacillinase (OXA), Pseudomonas Extended Resistance (PER), Vietnam extended-spectrum β-lactamase (VEB), Guiana extended-spectrum β-lactamase (GES), TEM Like Activity (TLA), Brazilian Extended Spectrum βlactamases (BES), Serratia fonticola (SFO) and Fecal E. coli (FEC) (Cattoir, 2008)
In order to determine the production of ESBL, the antibiotic discs were deposited in such a way as to reveal the synergy action image representing a champagne plug characteristic of the ESBL profile through a synergy test between the thirdgeneration cephalosporins and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (Jarlier et al, 1988)
Summary
Enterobacteria, which are mainly responsible for community and nosocomial bacterial infections, have developed mechanisms of resistance to the fatal action of the antibiotics used against them. The majority of ESBLs are derived from TEM and SHV enzymes, but new ESBLs have been described such as cefotaximase (CTX-M), oxacillinase (OXA), Pseudomonas Extended Resistance (PER), Vietnam extended-spectrum β-lactamase (VEB), Guiana extended-spectrum β-lactamase (GES), TEM Like Activity (TLA), Brazilian Extended Spectrum βlactamases (BES), Serratia fonticola (SFO) and Fecal E. coli (FEC) (Cattoir, 2008). The rarer types such as SFO, TLA, PER, BES, GES, are found in Acinetobacter baumanii, Serratia fonticola, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae (Vodovar et al, 2013). This study was conducted with the aim of detecting the presence of PER and GES types of resistances together in enterobacterial strains at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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