Abstract
As typical arid vegetation, Calycotome villosa is an annual herb playing an important role in folk medicine. In this research, the influences of temperature and salinity on germination of C. villosa seeds gotten from southern Tunisia were investigated. The germination responses of the seeds in total darkness were determined over an extensive array of temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) as well as salinities (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM NaCl). Seeds of C. villosa were able to germinate at temperatures between 5 and 40°C. Temperatures between 20 and 25°C seemed favorable to germinate these species. The minimum temperature beyond which no germination is expected was 0°C. Utmost germination percent were gotten in non-saline situations as well as arise in NaCl absorptions increasing repressed germination of seed. The rate of growth reduced with arises in salinity on all temperatures. Salt stress decreased both the percentage and the rate of germination. Percent of germination reduced with growing salinity and sternly restricted at 250 and 300 mM. Findings from this research might function as valuable information for C. villosa habitat establishment and renovation plans. Key words: Calycotome villosa, germination, salinity, temperature, Tunisia.
Highlights
Calycotome villosa (Poir.) Linkis a shrub with spiny strong ramifications that are green when young and become greyish when mature (Pottier-Alapetite, 1981), in Tunisia, this species is known as “Gandoul”
Temperature plays a key role in defining the periodicity of seed germination and the survival of species (Baskin and Baskin, 1988)
It is important to consider that the combination of limited water availability and high temperature is the major factor that hampers seedling survival under natural desert conditions (Ehleringer and Cooper, 1992; Valladares and Pearcy, 1997; Arvind et al, 2016)
Summary
Calycotome villosa (Poir.) Linkis a shrub with spiny strong ramifications that are green when young and become greyish when mature (Pottier-Alapetite, 1981), in Tunisia, this species is known as “Gandoul”. Salinity and temperature are the main features influencing germination in the saline dry areas. They can interact in determining salinity tolerance during germination (Huang et al, 2003; El-Keblawy and AlRawai, 2005; Al-Khateeb, 2006; Zammouri and Neffati, 2010). Initial establishment of species in salt deserts is related to germination response of seeds to salinity and temperature and early establishment usually determines if a population will survive to maturity (Tobe et al, 2000; Huang et al, 2003; Song et al, 2005). The present study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature and salinity and their interactions on germination seeds of C. villosa under laboratory conditions and to determine the thermal time and minimum temperature for germination
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