Abstract
It is estimated that about 80% of the world’s population use medicinal plants either in their crude unmodified form or partially in their modified semi-synthetic form for their medical care. The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. (Solanaceae) against multiple drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The extraction was done by cold maceration. The antibacterial susceptibility of the bacteria was carried out using agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening revealed presence of cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, reducing sugars and ketoses in both extracts. In addition, resin, flavonoid, terpenoids and steroids were found in the methanol extract while saponins and alkaloids were found in the aqueous extract. Evaluation of the antibacterial activities of S. incanum Linn. showed that the aqueous and methanol extracts have significant activities against S. pyogenes, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Highest antibacterial activity was shown for both aqueous (MIC=2.62 mg/ml, MBC= 60 mg/ml) and methanol (MIC=7.50 mg/ml, MBC>80 mg/ml) extracts against P. aeruginosa, respectively. The least antibacterial activity was shown for both aqueous (MIC=0.05 mg/ml, MBC=20 mg/ml) and methanol (MIC=5.00 mg/ml, MBC=80 mg/ml) extracts against K. pneumonia. Thus, S. incanum Linn. (Solanaceae) can be said to have antibacterial activities against MDR bacterial isolates. Key words: Solanum incanum Linn., phytochemical, antibacterial activities, multi-drug resistant, antibacterial.
Highlights
Plants have always been part of human cultures due to their usefulness in prevention and treatment of human and animal diseases (Anselem, 2004; Rios and Recio, 2005)
The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. (Solanaceae) against multiple drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
This study reveals the presence of phytochemicals considered as active medicinal chemical constituents
Summary
Plants have always been part of human cultures due to their usefulness in prevention and treatment of human and animal diseases (Anselem, 2004; Rios and Recio, 2005). World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of some Asian and African countries makes use of herbal medicine. Medicinal plants have been reported as alternative treatment of disease in order to overcome the problem of antibacterial resistance by pathogenic micro-organisms (Emad, 2011; Ibrahim, 2014). The use of medicinal plants for medical treatment has become popular when people realized that the effective lifespan of antibiotics is limited and over prescription and misuse of traditional antibiotic are causing microbial resistance (Alam et al, 2009)
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