Abstract
Other than the targeted approach on compositional analysis, non-targeted approaches on genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are developing to search for unintended effects with respect to genetically modified (GM) food safety assessments. Antioxidant activity system was closely related with plant growth and reproduction as well as human health. This study was to investigate some other potential unintended effects from a range of primary and secondary metabolites by comparison of antioxidant activity system between six pairs of GMOs and their nontransgenic control. Antioxidant activity system was explored in total phenolics, unsaturated fatty acids and oxido-reductase activity analysis (including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR)). The results from oxido-reductase activity analysis indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) between GMOs and their nontransgenic control, except for a few enzymatic activities of several GM crops. The data of total phenolics and unsaturated fatty acids also showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between GMOs and their nontransgenic control. However, no obvious differences occurred among all tested maize samples or canola samples. Key words: Unintended effects, antioxidant activity, genetically modified organisms, maize, canola.
Highlights
Concerns have been raised that the current approach of using targeted analyses (OECD, 1993; FAO/WHO, 1991, 2000) to compare the composition of genetically modified (GM) crops to their traditional nontransgenic control is biased (Millstone et al, 1999) and does not take into account the possibility of other unintended effects that could result directly or indirectly from the genetic modi-Abbreviations: GM, Genetically modified; GMOs, genetically modified organisms; POD, peroxidase; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; CAT, catalase; superoxide reductase (SOD), superoxide dismutase; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase fication
The GM and nontransgenic control materials came from the same field, in order to get rid of growing conditions, years and other factors which could influence the results of comparisons
GT73, MS3/RF8 and DAS-59122-7 did not differ from their nontransgenic controls in POD activity
Summary
Concerns have been raised that the current approach of using targeted analyses (OECD, 1993; FAO/WHO, 1991, 2000) to compare the composition of genetically modified (GM) crops to their traditional nontransgenic control is biased (Millstone et al, 1999) and does not take into account the possibility of other unintended effects that could result directly or indirectly from the genetic modi-. “Unintended effects” represent a statistically significant difference in the phenotype, response or composition of the GM plant compared with the parent from whom it is derived, but taking the expected effect of the target gene into account. Such comparisons should be made when GM and non-GM control are grown under the same regimes and environments. More unintended effects were explained in functional genomics (GMOCARE, 2003; Cheng et al, 2008), proteomics (Kubo, 2000; Zolla et al, 2008) and metabolomics (Shewmaker et al, 1999; Bovy et al, 2002; Le Gall et al, 2003a)
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