Abstract
Lack of consensus in published works regarding cypermethrin's ability to produce teratogenic and embyotoxic effects has led to postulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of cypermethrin in 5% vegetable oil using albino rats. Acute toxicity study of cypermethrin was evaluated using Probit analysis method. Percentage mortality was calculated and LD50 was determined. In addition, pregnant female rats in different groups received different oral doses from day 6 to 15 of gestation. Caesarean section was performed on day 20 to examine fetuses because their gestation period is between 21 to 22 days. Animals given higher doses experienced hyper- salivation, irritability, convulsion, respiratory distress and death, with on an LD50 of 85.1 mg/kg body weight. Autopsy findings revealed vascular congestion and haemorrhage in different organs. Teratogenic and embryotoxic study revealed reduced fetal weights and with ecchymosis particularly in higher doses. The extent of fetal death and resorptions observed were not statistically significant compared to controls. Histological examination and skeletal staining technique showed no significant abnormalities despite the use of high doses of cypermethrin. The finding of ecchymosis is new, along with low birth weight, which appears to be a consistent effect of cypermethrin. Key words: Cypermethrin, teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, low birth weight, fetuses, malformation.
Highlights
Infant mortality due to congenital malformation is ranked second most important cause of death in developing countries (Kurinczuk et al, 2010; Cremonese et al, 2014)
Exposure to pesticides is a thing of concern, as they have been associated with a number of fetal abnormalities with evidence linking them to central nervous system (CNS) malformations (Rull et al, 2006; Brender et al, 2010)
The results showed reduced locomotor activities of the animals, post administration of cypermethrin
Summary
Infant mortality due to congenital malformation is ranked second most important cause of death in developing countries (Kurinczuk et al, 2010; Cremonese et al, 2014). Cypermethrin is a known neurotoxicant and primarily targets sodium channel in the nerve membrane of both CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) (Cox, 1996; Narahashi, 1996; Ahmad et al, 2011; Singh et al, 2012). Since its introduction, it has become one of the mostly used
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