Abstract
Children’s diabetes is represented by the Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In T1DM, the persistence of hyperglycemia has been reported to cause increased production of oxygen free radicals through glucose autooxidation and nonenzymatic glycation. The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of oxidant/antioxidant status in diabetic children of Western Algeria. This study included 40 children with T1DM with mean age of 7.5 ± 1.7 years and 40 healthy age and sex matched controls. They were subjected to assessment of indicative parameters of lipoperoxidation, protein oxidation, changes in the status of antioxidant defense systems, plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol and triglycerides. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins levels in plasma were significantly higher (4.03 ± 0.39 versus 2.53 ± 0.4 µmol/L, 5.03 ± 0.57 versus 3 ± 0.38 nmol/mg protein, respectively; P < 0.001) and a significant reduction in plasma total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C was observed in diabetic children than the controls (1.55 ± 0.28 versus 2.5 ± 0.23 AU, 37.58 ± 5.76 versus 48.8 ± 4.47 µmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly higher (520 ± 40.42 versus 392.7 ± 42.66 U/g hemoglobin, 71.08 ± 5.18 versus 56.6 ± 2.84 U/g hemoglobin, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GSH) reduced significantly (34.98 ± 2.34 versus 42.68 ± 3.03 U/g hemoglobin, respectively; P < 0.001) in diabetic children than the control subject. The present finding suggested that young diabetic patients were susceptible to oxidative stress. Appropriate support for enhancing antioxidant supply in these patients may help prevent complications due to oxidative injury. Key words: Children, oxidative stress, Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Highlights
The results showed no significant difference in the mean age, body mass index (BMI) between diabetic children with their controls (Table 1)
As expected, fasting glucose and HbA1c were significantly higher in diabetic children compared with controls (Table 1)
Plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and vitamin C were statistically lower in diabetic children when compared with controls; while
Summary
Oxidative stress is known to be a component of molecular and cellular tissue damage mechanisms in a wide spectrum of human diseases (Dalle-Donne et al, 2006; Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999). Children’s diabetes called Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) today, was formerly represented by the insulin dependent diabetes. It is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the specific destruction of pancreatic β cells (Maahs and Rewers, 2006). Diabetic patients are exposed to increased oxidative stress due to several mechanisms, including glucose autooxidation and nonenzymatic protein glycation (Sakurai and Tsuchiya, 1988; Wolff, 1993). Nonenzymatic glycation is a spontaneous chemical reaction between glucose and the amino groups of proteins in which reversible Shiff bases and more stable Amadori products are formed (Vlassara, 1994)
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