Abstract
The study was conducted in Veterinary Hospitals in Khartoum state in order to determine the clinical cases in different animal species. Many Bovine diseases were diagnosed in different Veterinary Hospitals in Khartoum State from 2010 to 2012. A total of (204) cases were recorded all over the state and the highest overall prevalence rate was observed for surgical interferences 35.78% (n = 73), parasitic diseases 33.33% (n = 68) and bacterial and viral diseases 20.09% (n = 41), while the lowest overall prevalence rate was obtained for disorder of digestive system 5.39% (n = 11) and metabolic diseases 5.39% (n = 11). The most important bacterial and viral diseases that were diagnosed in all Veterinary Hospitals were contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia (CBPP), mastitis and foot and mouth disease (FMD) given an overall prevalence rate of 48.78, 19.51 and 12.20% (n = 20, 8 and 5, respectively). Internal parasites were recorded as the most frequent parasitic diseases 45.59% (n = 31). The clinical cases which required surgical interference were uterine prolapsed 9.59%, retained placenta 23.29%, foreign bodies 5.48%, dystocias 21.92%, (out of 73), (n = 7, 17, 4 and 16, respectively). High morbidity rate of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases as well as disorder of digestive system were observed for ovine in Omdurman Veterinary Hospital with prevalence rate of 35.02, 35.83 and 17.21% (out of 494), (n = 173, 177 and 85, respectively). Surgical interferences and metabolic diseases were also prevalent in the same species in all veterinary clinics 12.13 and 4.20% (out of 643) (n = 78 and 27, respectively). The major caprine diseases diagnosed in Khartoum Veterinary Hospital were bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases as well as disorder of digestive system 30.12, 22.93 and 16.54% (out of 2171) (n = 654, 498 and 359, respectively). High morbidity rate of surgical interferences and metabolic disease 22.80 and 7.60% (out of 2171) (n = 495 and 165, respectively) were also observed. Among the bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases of caprine, contagious caprine pleuro pneumonia (CCPP), mastitis, internal parasites and tick infestation were recorded as a common clinical cases with prevalence rate of 57.19, 27.68, 97.52 and 18.67% (out of 654 and 498) (n = 374, 181, 396 and 93, respectively). There were 1442 clinical cases observed for equine. Surgical interferences and parasitic diseases were dominant with an overall prevalence rate of 43.41% (n = 626) and 21.08% (n = 304), respectively. The most frequent bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases (out of 182 and 304) that diagnosed in Khartoum Veterinary Hospital were pneumonia, tetanus, coccidiosis, babesiosis, external parasites and internal parasites with prevalence rate 91.2% (n = 160), 3.85% (n = 7), 0.66% (n = 2), 19.41% (n = 59), 13.82% (n = 42) and 59.54% (n = 181), respectively. Surgical interferences in equine (626 cases) most probably due to wound, fracture and trauma 59.11% (n = 370), sharp teeth 14.70% (n = 92), tendonitis 10.06% (n = 63), arthritis 5.9% (n = 37), tumors 4.95% (n = 31) and lameness 2.56% (n = 16). Key words: Clinical cases, veterinary hospitals, Khartoum state, Sudan.
Highlights
The economic importance of sheep, cattle and poultry depends on the value of production and services which include meat, milk, wool and skins
A total of (204) cases were recorded all over the state and the highest overall prevalence rate was observed for surgical interferences 35.78% (n = 73), parasitic diseases 33.33% (n = 68) and bacterial and viral diseases 20.09% (n = 41), while the lowest overall prevalence rate was obtained for disorder of digestive system 5.39% (n = 11) and metabolic diseases 5.39% (n = 11)
The most important bacterial and viral diseases that were diagnosed in all Veterinary Hospitals were contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia (CBPP), mastitis and foot and mouth disease (FMD) given an overall prevalence rate of 48.78, 19.51 and 12.20% (n = 20, 8 and 5, respectively)
Summary
The economic importance of sheep, cattle and poultry depends on the value of production and services which include meat, milk, wool and skins. Horse and donkey are steadily increasing in Sudan rather than many other African countries due to poverty. They play an important role in the provision of energy for agricultural production by way of traction of cultivation and transport of products. The production of livestock in Sudan faces many problems including infectious disease caused by bacterial disease, viral and parasitic agents. Bacterial and viral disease has almost been brought under control either by drug therapy or vaccination. The blood parasites are difficult to control due to the resistance of some parasites to drugs, and there is no successful vaccine against most of blood parasites due to several factors such as antigenic variation and difficulties in propagation of these organisms in artificial media. Animal take time to reach the peak of production after recovery (Herenda, 1994)
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