Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the significance of macrophages and IL-10 in uterus in early embryo loss (or resorption), and to elucidate the anti-abortive effect and the immunological modulation of maternal-fetal interface with quercetin and bornyl Acetate. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.10 μg/mouse) was injected via the tail vein in order to induce abortion in 7-day-gestation mice which received quercetin and bornyl acetate at days 4 to 7 of gestation. Levels of IL-10 in uterus supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA), and uterine macrophages of each group (n=10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-10 declined significantly in uterus with LPS treatment. The amount of macrophages in the uterus of LPS-induced abortion mice was much higher than that of the control mice. When quercetin and bornyl acetate were used to prevent LPS-induced abortion, the effect of quercetin combined with bornyl acetate on anti-LPS-induced abortion was more significant, and the IL-10 content was close to normal and the amount of macrophages was decreased to 16.199 ± 0.802, which was significantly different from that of LPS-induced abortion group. The decrease of IL-10 and the increase of macrophage number in the LPS-treated mice uterus were associated with the embryo loss, and quercetin and bornyl acetate has the anti-abortive effect through modulation of maternal-fetal interface immunity balance. Key words: Embryo resorption, lipopolysaccharide, macrophages, IL-10, mice.
Highlights
Abortion is one of the most common complications in mammals, especially in early pregnancy, involving a complicated immunomodulating mechanism
When quercetin and bornyl acetate were used to prevent LPS-induced abortion, the effect of quercetin combined with bornyl acetate on anti-LPS-induced abortion was more significant, and the IL-10 content was close to normal and the amount of macrophages was decreased to 16.199 ± 0.802, which was significantly different from that of LPSinduced abortion group
The decrease of IL-10 and the increase of macrophage number in the LPStreated mice uterus were associated with the embryo loss, and quercetin and bornyl acetate has the anti-abortive effect through modulation of maternal-fetal interface immunity balance
Summary
Abortion is one of the most common complications in mammals, especially in early pregnancy, involving a complicated immunomodulating mechanism. Macrophages can protect the embryo from infection by secreting manifold cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1] and some biotic factors (nitrogen monoxidum, rennin and prostaglandin) (Abrahams et al, 2004). If overactivated, macrophages will produce nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α, which can induce embryo resorption or abortion (Clark et al, 1998). The qualitative characteristics of immune responses are regulated by T cell subsets through their production of distinctive cytokines. IL-10 is secreted by the Th2 cells and is a potent immune-regulating cytokine and inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine synthesis. IL-10 is a central regulator of the inflammatory response, acting to limit inflammation-induced tissue pathology by terminating monocyte and macrophage synthesis of TNFα and an array of other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Moore et al, 2001).
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