Abstract
Among the fungal diseases infecting tomato crops, early blight caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout is one of the most catastrophic disease causing accountable losses. Further, all of the tomato cultivars presently under cultivation have succumb more or less to early blight disease. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken for the pathogenic, cultural, morphological and molecular variability among the isolates of A. solani. The results reveal all of the eight isolates of A. solani as pathogenic to tomato (Cv. Pusa Ruby) and showed variability amongst them. The test isolates could grow better on the basic culture medium potato dextrose agar; however, highest mycelial growth was recorded on the isolate AsLt (88.50 mm), followed by AsBd (82.36 mm) and AsHl (78.40 mm), with excellent sporulation. All of the eight test isolates exhibited a wide range of variability in respect of their mycelial and conidial dimensions and septation. RAPD-PCR analysis of the four most virulent A. solani isolates, using 13 OPA primers revealed that the isolates AsBd (Beed) and AsLt (Latur) were closely related with 85% genetic similarity whereas, the isolates AsHl (Hingoli) and AsJl (Jalna) were closely related with 50% genetic similarity, but distinct from that of AsLt and AsBd isolates. Key words: Tomato, Alternaria solani, isolates, pathogenic, molecular variability, virulent, primers.
Highlights
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is one of the most popular vegetable crops grown throughout the world.India is one of the leading countries in tomato production with an area of 8.65 lakh ha and productivity of 19.5 metric tonnes/ha (Anonymous, 2011)
Among the fungal diseases infecting tomato crop, early blight caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and
The present investigations were attempted to explore the pathogenic, cultural, morphological and molecular variability among the eight isolates of A. solani, isolated from the tomato crop affected with early blight disease which were collected during survey in Marathwada region of the state of Maharashtra, India
Summary
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is one of the most popular vegetable crops grown throughout the world. Among the fungal diseases infecting tomato crop, early blight caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and. The pathogen (A. solani) have been found to express a wide range of variability in disease symptoms expression depending upon the tomato cultivars, environmental conditions etc. Pathogenic, cultural, morphological and molecular variability in A. solani was documented earlier by many workers (Kaul and Saxcena, 1988; Tong et al, 1994; Weir et al, 1998; Babu et al, 2000; Ahmad, 2002; Naik et al, 2010). The present investigations were attempted to explore the pathogenic, cultural, morphological and molecular variability among the eight isolates of A. solani, isolated from the tomato crop affected with early blight disease which were collected during survey in Marathwada region of the state of Maharashtra, India. Observations on incubation period, number of spots, frequency, size of lesions and typical symptoms induced etc. were recorded and based on these characteristics, the test isolates were categorized as highly virulent, moderately virulent and a mildly virulent
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