Abstract
Marigold (Tagetes spp.) is a source of thiophenes, which are a group of heterocyclic sulfurous compounds possessing strong biocidal activity, thus making Tagetes plants very useful as natural source of agents for controlling pathogens such as nematodes, insects, fungi and bacteria. Hairy root cultures of Tagetes erecta L. were developed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation. The hairy root clones showed great variations in growth pattern and total thiophene content (0.31 to 0.96 mg/gfw). Four types of thiophenes that accumulated in root cultures of Tagetes were butenenylbithiophene (BBT), hydroxybutenenylbithiophene (BBTOH), acetoxybutenenylbithiophene (BBTOAc) and α-terthienyl (α-T). Total thiophene contents in these isolated rhizoclones were found tobe four fold higher than that of wild type hairy root cultures. The developed method of producing hairy cultures of T. erecta can be used for producing thiophenes at large scale. Key words : Agrobacterium rhizogenes , marigold, rhizoclones, biocidal.
Highlights
The biocidal properties attributed to marigold (Tagetes species), the nematicidal property, are related to the presence of thiophenes (Chan et al, 1975; Gommers and Geerligs, 1973)
Marigold (Tagetes spp.) is a source of thiophenes, which are a group of heterocyclic sulfurous compounds possessing strong biocidal activity, making Tagetes plants very useful as natural source of agents for controlling pathogens such as nematodes, insects, fungi and bacteria
The frequency of root initiation was nearly 80% from leaf explants inoculated with A. rhizogenes
Summary
The biocidal properties attributed to marigold (Tagetes species), the nematicidal property, are related to the presence of thiophenes (Chan et al, 1975; Gommers and Geerligs, 1973). Thiophenes are sulphurheterocyclic compounds found in many plant species (Abegaz, 1991; Hudson et al, 1986) and are well represented in the Tagetes species (Bohlmann et al., 1973; Downum and Towers, 1983). Nematodes causes an estimated $100 billion annually in worldwide crop damage making it agriculture largest unmet pest control need (Luc et al, 1990). Similar restrictions have occurred in other countries Chemicals such as organophosphate and carbamate contact nematicides, fenamiphos, carbofuran, aldicarb and fumigants like metam-sodium and 1,3-dichloropropene has been further restricted. New classes of nematicidal compounds are constantly being sought, but there are currently no promising materials close to commercial developments. It is estimated that the current market for nematicides is between $700 million and $1 billion each year worldwide (Global Nematicide Market, 2012)
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