Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine and propofol are one of the commonly used drugs for induction of general anaesthesia. Ketofol, is the combination of ketamine and propofol in varying concentrations. Due to the paucity of information in the literature regarding comparison of different combinations of ketofol for use as an induction agent, we intend to study the various doses of propofol ketamine combination in view of its haemodynamic stability and its relevance to speed of induction as well as side effect profile. METHODS This is a double blinded randomised controlled trial study. 60 patients posted for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were selected. They were randomly allotted to three groups with 20 patients in each group. Group 1 received ketofol in the ratio of 1:1, group 2 in the ratio of 1:2, group 3 in the ratio of 1:3. The time from the start of injection till the loss of verbal command, induction time, was noted. Mean arterial pressure, incidence of apnoea, awareness, hallucinations and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were noted. RESULTS Induction time was fastest in group 3 followed by group 2 followed by group 1. It was statistically significant. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was comparable in all the three groups at different time intervals except at 5 minutes after induction, the fall in group 3 was significant. The change in MAP as compared to baseline in group 1 and 2 in different time intervals was not significant. But the fall in MAP was significant as compared to baseline in all the different time intervals in group 3. There was no reported incidence of apnoea, awareness and hallucinations in all the three groups. There were two reported cases of PONV in group 1, one in group 2 and zero in group 3. CONCLUSIONS Ketofol with the maximum propofol and least ketamine combination has the fastest induction time. Ketofol in the combination of 1:1 and 1:2 offers more haemodynamic stability as compared to 1:3 combination and ketofol has minimal side effects. KEY WORDS Ketofol, Different Combinations, Induction Time, Haemodynamic Stability
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