Abstract
Profilin plays a crucial role by directly linking actin cytoskeleton dynamics to various signal transduction pathways. Profilin has been well conserved during the evolution and can be found throughout the animal and plant kingdom. All known profilin are defined by common structural and biochemical properties and are known to interact with at least three types of ligands: they are complex with the G actin and actin – related proteins; interact with PLP presented either as a peptide or as a sequence motif within specific proteins (with the exception of vaccinia profilin), and bind to polyphosphoinositides. Profilin has different functional roles: Actin binding and membrane refluxes, regulation of phospholipase C-Y1, focal contacts, nuclear transport of proteins, allergen, and tumor suppression. A protein function is tightly linked to its tertiary structure and as a residue located far apart in the sequence can be very close in space, and only few residues are responsible for a proteins function, insights into the tertiary structure of a protein can represent a key component of the functional analysis process. The homology or comparative protein structure of profilin was obtained by optimization of molecular probability density function (pdf) using the software program MODELLER. A stable structure was obtained by fixing the atomic charges by CHARMM 22 force field, and minimizing the energy by conjugate gradient method (1000 iterations) using NAMD software. Proteinprotein docking was carried out with Vegazz for profilin dimer formation and profilin –ligand interactions were studied with Auto dock software programs. The in silico studies help in understanding the profilin monomeric interaction and its effect on PLP binding and polyphosphoinositide interactions, the two important processes which regulate number of signaling event.
Highlights
Profilin has been well conserved during the evolution and can be found throughout the animal and plant kingdom[1]
Profilin plays a crucial role by directly linking actin cytoskeleton dynamics to various signal transduction pathways
Profilin was among the first actin binding protein (ABPs) which is involved in regulation, organization and orchestration of the dynamic system[6]
Summary
Profilin has been well conserved during the evolution and can be found throughout the animal and plant kingdom[1]. Many other proline rich have been identified as profiling ligands, such as a forming homology proteins, the actin related protein 2/3 complex 9 Arp 2/3complex). Profiling is shows to play a role in tumor suppression 13.All the known profiling is defined by common structural and biochemical properties and is known to interact with at least 3 types of ligands: the complex with Gactin 14, 15, 16 &17 and actin related protein 18 interact with PLP presented either as a peptide or as a sequence motifs within the specific proteins and binds to phosphoinositides 19, 20. The first proline rich protein to be identified as profiling ligands is vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) 22. It is an in vitro substrate of protein kinase C and P14m 5P2 is the effective activator of profiling phosphorylation by PKC 23.The profilin molecule is unique in having positive and negative effects on polymerization of actin. The entire genome of the species contains 38, 69,769 base pairs of DNA encode: 10,082 proteins (9,200 of them longer ect than 100 amino acid) 424 tRNAs, 74 rRNAs, 175-200 copies of the 25S/17S/ 5.8S gene cluster 31
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