Abstract
Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine of Burkina Faso. Its stem barks are used to treat several diseases such as inflammation, arthritis, infections, ulcer, malaria, fever and dermatosis. The antioxidant activity of aqueous ethanol extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis stem bark was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipidic peroxidation methods. Total phenolic, tannins, flavonoids and flavonol contents of extract and fractions were determined. Butanol fraction had the highest value with IC50 =1.76 ± 0.19 µg ml-1 (ARP = 0.56) with DPPH• assay, however n-hexan fraction showed the highest capacity to scavenge ABTS•+; FRAP values varied from 13.04 ± 0.25 to 13.60 ± 0.09 mmol Trolox Equivalent per gram (mmol TE g-1) of extract or fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction presented the best activity (70.30 ± 0.40%, 100 µg ml-1) using lipid peroxidation inhibition method. Aqueous fraction contained the highest of total phenolics and tannins contents with, respectively 3.68 ± 0.11 and 2.65 ± 0.18 g TAE/100 g of dry weight (dw) of plant material. Aqueous fraction also showed the highest of total flavonoids (0.04 ± 0.01 g QE/100 g dw) and flavonol (0.10 ± 0.01 g QE/100 g dw) contents. K. senegalensis possesses a potential antioxidant effect and contains phenolic compounds. These results provide scientific evidence that validates the use of K. senegalensis in traditional medicine. Key words: Khaya senegalensis, antioxidant, phenolic, flavonoids, tannins
Highlights
Plants play an important role in human life since thousands of years; they provide humanity food, energy, building material and medicine.Plants have formed the basis of traditional medicine and provide new remedies through new compounds isolated and used as drugs (Gurib-Fakim, 2006)
K. senegalensis possesses a potential antioxidant effect and contains phenolic compounds. These results provide scientific evidence that validates the use of K. senegalensis in traditional medicine
Polar and non-polar fractions of K. senegalensis could be worthwhile in order to find a correlation between the antioxidant and the phenolic contents
Summary
Plants play an important role in human life since thousands of years; they provide humanity food, energy (coal and firewood), building material and medicine. Metabolites production by plants are responsible for the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants play a vital role in the production of the antioxidant defense system by providing antioxidant plant phenol (phenolic compounds and flavonoids) (Willcox et al, 2012). Excessive production of free radical is harmful to the organism, leading to oxidative stress which is associated with the pathogenisis of chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, obesity, and autoimmune disorders (Willcox et al, 2012; Pham-Huy et al, 2008). The leaves, stem barks, seeds, and roots of this plant are used to treat several diseases such as inflammation, arthritis, infections, ulcer, malaria, fever, dermatosis. Literature reported that ROS production plays important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, arthritis, ulcer and malaria (Percário et al, 2012; Mirshafiey and Monireh, 2008). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous ethanol extract and its fractions (n-hexan, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) of K. senegalensis stem barks, and this study was to determine total phenolic, tannins, flavonoids and flavonol contents in the extract and its fractions
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