Abstract
The increasing probability of flood risk in terms of its magnitude and frequency in urban areas prompted man to act for flood mitigation measures. Various flood risk control measures were carried out in different parts of the world but flood events persisted. This paper assessed the main causes of flood risk in urban areas and the various flood risk management measures for flood control so as to come out with a sustainable flood risk mitigation measures for urban areas. Related theories and empirical studies were reviewed as a method to acquire relevant information for analyzing the factors of flood risk and the trend in flood risk mitigation measures. The result points out the inability of both structural and non-structural measures to completely stop flood occurrences. Hence, an integration of the current measures and a partial systematic conversion of land use to its natural state can sustainably reduce flood risk in urban places. Key words: Flood risk, flood risk management, urban areas, flood mitigation.
Highlights
Flood risk is one of the most devastating natural hazards that cause loss of lives, damage to properties, resources and environmental degradation in urban areas (Forkou, 2011)
A crucial concern for world natural hazards is the generation of efforts, strategies, policies and programs of the global governments at various levels to mitigate the flood occurrences.The persistence incidence of flood events besides the measures undertaken indicates the inability of flood control measures to adequately control floods
This paper reviewed various theoretical and empirical literatures as a method for collecting information regarding causes of flood risk in urban areas and the corresponding flood mitigation measures so as to discover a sustainable flood risk management measures for urban areas
Summary
Flood risk is one of the most devastating natural hazards that cause loss of lives, damage to properties, resources and environmental degradation in urban areas (Forkou, 2011). A second perspective on flood mitigation emphasizes the integration of water resource management, land-use management, hazard management and changes the Flood Risk Management (FRM) paradigm from defensive to pro-active, from ad-hoc to integrated flood management. It focuses on managing and living with floods, balancing floods for sustainable development, and approaching the decision-making process differently by learning to manage risk and live with the floods (WMO, 2009). Whether responses to flood hazard take a structural or a combination of both structural and nonstructural measures, there remains a need for public involvement of communities at risk in decision making for flood risk management sustainability in urban areas. The paper find out that, a gradual systematic land use conversion to its natural state could sustainably decreases flood risk and flood frequency (Scilling et al, 2014)
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