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Abstract
The fish Hyphessobrycon eques and Piaractus mesopotamicus, the snail Pomacea canaliculata, the aquatic plant Lemna minor and the microcustacean Daphnia magna were selected to evaluate the lethal or effective concentration (LC50/EC50) and the environmental risk of florfenicol (FLO), enrofloxacine (ENR), thiamethoxan (TH) and toltrazuril (TOL). For this, the organisms were acclimated in a bioassay room under controlled temperature and photoperiod, and then exposed to increasing drugs concentrations according to specific standard for each organism. L. minor is the sole organism which showed toxicity to FLO LC50; 48 h of 97.03 mg/L, which causes medium environmental risk. P. canaliculata was more sensible to ENR (14.64 mg/L), which causes high risk to the bioindicators. P. mesopotamicus was more sensible to TH toxicity (16.97 mg/L), which causes high risk also; followed by H. eques. TOL causes medium risk and it is more toxic for P. mesopotamicus (3.72 mg/L), followed by H. eques. L. minor can be used as a bioindicator for florfenicol toxicity, P. canaliculata for enrofloxacine and H. eques for TH and TOL, emphasizing that enrofloxacine and thiamethoxan cause high environmental risk. Key words: Environmental monitoring, disease, environmental impact, chemotherapeutic products, aquaculture drugs.
Highlights
The amount of chemicals launched in the aquatic ecosystem is large due to its widespread use in almost all productive activities (Sarmah et al, 2006)
No mortality occurred in organisms exposed to FLO, classifying it as practically non toxic (LC50/EC50 > 100 mg/L) except for L. minor, the sole organism in which lethality occurred with the exposure to the drug, with 97.03 mg/L LC50;7d
L. minor and D. magna are not affected by TH, it classified as slightly toxic to the other organisms
Summary
The amount of chemicals launched in the aquatic ecosystem is large due to its widespread use in almost all productive activities (Sarmah et al, 2006). Drug use raises concerns because the production systems is part of the aquatic ecosystems. The use affects in both direct and indirect ways the aquatic communities causing acute, subacute or chronic effects (Boyd and Massaut, 1999). The indiscriminate use of non registered drugs can result in bacteria resistance and direct toxicity for plants and non-target animals (Kolodziejska et al, 2013). Drugs used in aquaculture belong to different chemical.
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