Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar causes serious economic crop losses in Brazil, mainly in the corn, cotton and soybean farming. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of bioinsecticide Spinosad in the form of suspension capsules and emulsifiable concentrate in the dosage of 48 g i.a. ha-1 for control of H. armigera. The experiment was conducted in three different groups treated separately with emulsifiable concentrate (EC) with 48% of spinosad; suspension capsules (SC) with 48% of spinosad; and control group treatment with deionized water. Caterpillars were used in the early stage (1 and 2 days old larvae), and maintained under laboratory conditions (24 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a 12:12 h light: dark photoperiod). The mortality was recorded and the affected behavior of treated larvae was checked every 30 min for a period of 8 h. The results show the efficacy of spinosad for control of H. armigera in the emulsifiable concentrate group treatment at 92.6 and 88.9%, and in the suspension capsule group treatment at 88.9 and 87.0%, respectively, in the first and second bioassay. It was concluded that the spinosad 48 g i.a. ha-1 is efficient in the control of H. armigera in micro encapsulated formulations, promoting less environmental damage by reducing the level of pesticides in the environment by the smaller concentration of the active ingredient through capsule suspension formulation and revealed economic viability and promotion of extended release of active ingredients. Key words: Industrial biotechnology, biological control, biopesticide, caterpillar control, microcapsules, emulsifiable concentrate.
Highlights
Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) belongs to the subfamily, Heliothinae
The results show the efficacy of spinosad for control of H. armigera in the emulsifiable concentrate group treatment at 92.6 and 88.9%, and in the suspension capsule group treatment at 88.9 and 87.0%, respectively, in the first and second bioassay
To prevent problems with the pulverization of the formulated substances, the bioinsecticides were subjected to density analysis, with a result of 0.93 g mL-1 at 25°C for the product in the form of emulsifiable concentrate and 1.03 g L-1 at 25°C for the microencapsulated product
Summary
Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) belongs to the subfamily, Heliothinae. It has broad occurrence throughout the world, being found in various countries from Asia-China and India, Africa-Benin, Cameroon and Nigeria, Europe and Oceania-Australia (Brévault et al, 2009; Perini et al, 2016). Population growth of the Helicoverpa as well as losses of the production systems were caused by following a cumulative process of inadequate cultivation practices and successive planting of host vegetable species (corn, soybean, etc.) in very extensive management contiguous areas with non-judiciars use of high toxicity pathology category agrochemicals has contributed to resistance development in H. armigera, which resultand in heavy crop losses each year (Vijayabharathi et al, 2014; Specht et al, 2013; Suzana et al, 2015)
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