Abstract
The objective was to verify the influence of winter crops under management mechanical (roller knife) and chemical (glyphosate), on soil physical properties and yield of soybeans. The experiment was carried out at the field under randomized block design in tracks scheme. The treatments consisted of four different winter crops (oats IPR 126, wheat BRS Tarumãt crambe FMS Bright and forage radish cultivar common) in tracks A and management different (chemical and mechanical) in bands B. The soil properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and density) were determined by collecting soil core in layers 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth, penetration resistance was determined with the aid of a penetrometer impact to a depth of 30 cm. The soybean harvest was held on 03/12/13, collecting two lines of the floor area of each plot. The evaluations were carried out after the winter crop management and post-harvest of soybeans. There was no significant difference in the interaction of the factors to the values of the porosity in the layer 0-10 cm of soil. As to the values obtained for the penetration resistance of the soil, it was found that the oat (0.91 MPa) and crambe (1.43 MPa) provided significant differences in the layer 0-5 cm depth, after the cycle of winter crops. Winter crops and different managements not affect soybean yield. Key words: Plantation direct, compaction, conservation systems, soil structure.
Highlights
The adoption of technologies based on conservationists foundations as the tillage and the use of winter crops are alternatives to increase the sustainability of agricultural systems (Torres et al, 2014; Boer et al, 2007)
There was no difference (p>0.05) for average values of macroporosity, total porosity, microporosity and bulk density in the layer of 0 - 10 and 10 - 20 cm, on the basis of the factors studied after the managements of cover plants (Table 2)
For the other physical characteristics of the soil average values obtained were similar, not showing influences suffered by the treatments applied
Summary
The adoption of technologies based on conservationists foundations as the tillage and the use of winter crops are alternatives to increase the sustainability of agricultural systems (Torres et al, 2014; Boer et al, 2007). From commercial fields create favorable environments for the recovery and the maintenance of the quality of soil and water (Kliemann et al, 2006), beyond allowing favorable conditions for crop development and effective erosion control (Brancalião and Moraes, 2008) Because of the enormous benefits for soil biodiversity, this technology has expanded to various regions of the world, especially in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, which adopt this system in about 70% of the total cultivated area (Derpsch et al, 2010). As the soils are being worked (Andreolla et al, 2000) and the continuous adoption of soil management systems conventional, considerable physical changes are occurring (Silva et al, 2008)
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