Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of feathers protein hydrolysate (FPH), produced by fermentation with the keratinolytic bacterium, Bacillus pumilus strain A1, were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of FPH, evaluated using DNA nicking and ferrozine assays, demonstrate that FPH present an important antioxidant potential. Interestingly, the addition of this hydrolysate (2.5 and 5%) to the feed of rats caused a significant decrease in the rate of thiobarbutiric acid reagent substances (TBARS) and the enzymatic antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) in liver, kidney, heart, brain and cerebella, as compared to the control. However, the supplementation of the standard food by 2.5% of untreated feather meal or 5% of soya is associated with an increase of the TBARS rate and enzymatic antioxidant activities. These results indicate that FPH may be useful as supplementary proteins and natural antioxidant in animal feed formulation.
Highlights
Feathers are produced in large amounts as a waste byproduct at poultry-processing industries, reaching millions of tons annually throughout the world
These results indicate that feathers protein hydrolysate (FPH) may be useful as supplementary proteins and natural antioxidant in animal feed formulation
The results show that the percentages of inhibition of the ferrozine–Fe2+ complex formation increased linearly with the FPH concentration
Summary
Feathers are produced in large amounts as a waste byproduct at poultry-processing industries, reaching millions of tons annually throughout the world. Feathers, consisted mainly of keratin characterized by its high recalcitrant nature, could be an important protein source in animal feedstuff. The feathers hydrolysate can serve as protein complements in animal feed (Coward et al, 2006, Grazziotin et al, 2008) and fish aquaculture (Bishop et al, 1995). Fish feeds containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, were protected against lipid oxidation in the presence of synthetic antioxidants, mainly ethoxyquin and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (Hamre et al, 2010). A switch to natural antioxidants in fish feed ingredients would be an advantage both for the aquaculture industry, and with regard to consumer health and well-being. The role of dietary natural antioxidants in immunity and health of animals is of prime importance (Chew, 1996)
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