Abstract
Dried seeds of Monodora myristica were obtained from Oba market in Edo State, ground into fine powder and stored in an air tight plastic container at room temperature until when used. Essential oils were extracted using steam distillation and characterised using the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. Microbial isolates obtained from smoke dried fish samples purchased from Oba Market, Benin City, Edo State. Fish samples were put in perforated polythene bags kept in plastic baskets and stored for four (4) weeks. Identification and characterisation of isolates were carried out following standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar well diffusion method. Data obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. Significant means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 95% confidence level. The result showed that M. myristica oil contained twenty-five components which were mainly monoterpene hydrocarbons constituents consisting of limonene (17.6%), α-phellandrene (16.3%), α-pinene (12.2%), β-myrcene (11.2%), 3-Thujene and β-Linalool (7.3%). The oil showed bacteriocidal activity at minimum ihhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) of 150 mg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis PM221, Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665, Bacillus subtilis 6051-HGW and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAU2 and fungicidal activity at MIC/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 300 mg/mL against Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus species. In view of the aforementioned, the expressed antimicrobial activity is a demonstration of the efficacy of the oil against fish spoilage organism and use in the fishery industry. Key words: Chemical compositions essential oils, antimicrobial activity, Monodora myristica, agar well diffusion method, Clarias gariepinus.
Highlights
African nutmeg (Monodora myristica), is a perennial edible plant that belongs to the family Annonaceae
This study aims to evaluate the essential oil chemical composition and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of African nutmeg (M. myristica) on microorganisms isolated from smoke-dried catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Twenty-five components were characterized which represents 100% of the oil. This value was higher than that obtained by Owokotemo and Ekundayo (2012) who identified 22 compounds in the seed oil and 20 compounds in the stem bark oil of M. myristica
Summary
African nutmeg (Monodora myristica), is a perennial edible plant that belongs to the family Annonaceae. It is a berry commonly found in the evergreen forests of West Africa (Burubai et al, 2009). The fruit of is smooth, green and spherical with a diameter of 20 cm which becomes woody at maturity It is has a long stalk which is up to 60 cm long. Literature report on the essential oils in terms of composition and antimicrobial activity from this plant is scarce especially in Nigeria. This study aims to evaluate the essential oil chemical composition and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of African nutmeg (M. myristica) on microorganisms isolated from smoke-dried catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
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