Abstract
The challenge of securing future water supply and sanitation services for an increasing population requires continued efforts to satisfy the future needs. This paper focuses on water availability and sanitation services under growing population taking Gezira State, Sudan, as the case. Future projection of the population was predicted based on the 2.2% growth rate. Data on water sources, quantities and sanitation was collected from Gezira State Water Corporation and various health and educational reports. The results calculated that the population is increasing by 14% from 2008 to 2014. Water stands are the main source of water in Gezira and yields 84% of the available water. The current consumption rates are 22.5 and 55 Liter per capita per day for rural and urban population, respectively. There is a gab in rural water supply and is expected to increase rapidly by 2025. Sanitation coverage in the state is 80% in schools and 88% in health facilities. The study recommended construction of new water sources to satisfy the rural consumption. Key words: Water supply, sanitation, population growth, Gezira State, Sudan.
Highlights
Continued population growth, drought and economic development, together with the expansion of irrigation has resulted in greatly increased use and need for water resources
The results show that water stands constitute the main source of water for rural (88.4%) and urban (73%)
The water purification plants produce the remaining 26.3% for urban areas Form Table 2, it is calculated that rural water supply consumption was estimated at 76.21 thousands m3/day, making an average consumption rate of 22.5 L per capita per day
Summary
Drought and economic development, together with the expansion of irrigation has resulted in greatly increased use and need for water resources. It has been reported that access to water and sanitation is extremely low in rural areas in Sudan (USAID, 2009). Future access to water under pressure of the increasing population is considered a big challenge, because of the competition. Comparison between available water and future increase of population is necessary for policies formulation to ensure access to water. The availability of water in both quantity and quality is highly pressurized by growing population, demographic changes, urbanization, agricultural and industrial expansion following changes in consumption and production patterns. Some regions are in a low safe water availability situation. It has been estimated that by 2025, the share of the world’s population living in regions subject to water stress will reach 35% (Cairncross, 2003a)
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