Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes. It has a significant impact on the world’s health systems. Due to a rapid increase in disease burden globally, there arises the need for newer methods of early detection of DR to prevent various complications including total blindness. The association between periodontal problems and diabetes has been studied widely and a positive correlation has been found. Literature search revealed that no studies have been done so far comparing the oral hygiene status among type 2 diabetics with and without retinopathy, thus the purpose of the study was to compare oral hygiene status among type 2 diabetics with and without progressing diabetic retinopathy and thus look for any association between existing oral hygiene status and severity of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients with and without progressing diabetic retinopathy visiting the Department of Opthalmology at the University Medical College. A thorough evaluation of oral hygiene status of patients participating in the study was done using OHI - S and Gingival Index. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the OHI - S and diabetic retinopathy, P value (0.522). The gingival index showed statistically significant relation with severity of diabetic retinopathy with P - value of 0.027. The intergroup comparison of the association between the mean OHI - S and GI scores and severity of diabetic retinopathy was found to be statistically insignificant P < 0.269 and P < 0.125. CONCLUSIONS There could be a plausible relationship between diabetic retinopathy and oral hygiene condition. Because of the regional variation in the oral hygiene condition further prospective studies on a large population are required to ascertain whether the existing oral hygiene status has a direct impact on the progression and severity of diabetic retinopathy. KEY WORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, Oral Hygiene, Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified, Gingival Index
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