Abstract
Emissions of biological contaminants (microbes) from intensive pig farming may cause environmental problems due to lack of proper waste management. This work was conducted to assess bacteriological pollution of soil in pig farm and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance gene of the prevailing bacteria. Soil samples were collected from March to August 2013. The method included bacterial enumeration (10 -1 to 10 -8) in Nutrient, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and MacConkey agars. Bacteria were identified using API 20E test kit; antibiotic susceptibility test were also determined and identification of resistance gene was carried out using molecular procedures. The viable cells in soil samples ranged from 0 to 2.44 × 1010 cfu/ml. Pseudomonas luteola, Salmonella choleraesuis spp arizonae, Escherichia coli 1, Enterobacter aerogenes, etc. were the predominant isolates. Sixty-seven percent of isolates were resistant to Penicillin G while 79% were resistant to Spectinomycin. The resistance genes detected in most isolates were Van A, InuA, Sul2, blaTEM and Otr B. The results showed that bacterial pathogens isolated from pig farm soil were not only diverse but also possessed multiple Antibiotic Resistance Gene (ARG) and this may have possible dire consequences on the environment and public health. Key words: Microbes, pathogens, pollution, antibiotics, resistance gene, environment.
Highlights
Mishandling of pig farm waste and animal droppings may impact negatively on the physical environment, especially polluting the soil with bacteriological pathogens
The results showed that bacterial pathogens isolated from pig farm soil were diverse and possessed multiple Antibiotic Resistance Gene (ARG) and this may have possible dire consequences on the environment and public health
Bacterial contamination has negative impacts on the environment as bacterial pathogens can compete with indigenous soil microorganism for nutrients, transfer antimicrobial resistance genes to indigenous soil microorganism important for soil remediation (Sasákováet al., 2007)
Summary
Mishandling of pig farm waste and animal droppings may impact negatively on the physical environment, especially polluting the soil with bacteriological pathogens. The pollution may consequentially cause serious waterborne and airborne diseases by either as a result of ingestion or direct contact, or inhalation of contaminated aerosols (Ramírez et al, 2005). Applying animal waste to the soil may solve waste disposal issues; this can introduce bacterial pollutants to the soil, groundwater systems, and surface water in the surrounding environment (Obasi et al, 2008).
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