Abstract
Our previous study indicated that the tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium var. Flore Pleno) has a great ability to produce inflorescence bulbils in nature as a form of natural phenomenon of floral reversion in plants. This present research was carried out to investigate the artificial floral reversion in in vitro culture of two lilies (Asiatic hybrid cv.”Black out"), and (Lilium longiflorum cv "White heaven") based on the type and developmental stage of explants plus the different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl aminopurine (BA). Developmental changes were observed in both lilies in response to floral reversion which was enhanced by growth regulators under in vitro condition. The regeneration of vegetative organs was associated with certain degeneration of floral organs. Large bulblets and multiple shoots were formed only in specific regions in floral organs, precisely in two attached points: the boundary region between the receptacle with other floral organs and the branching point where the peduncle joins the pedicel. This direct organogenesis was highly dependent on type of lily, type and developmental stage of explants in addition to the concentration of BA and NAA in in vitro culture. However, 1 mg/L BA combined with 0.1 mg/L NAA was the optimum for regenerating shoots and bulblets in in vitro culture of both lilies after six weeks. Key words: Floral reversion, organogenesis, lilies, active points, growth regulators, in vitro, bulblets.
Highlights
In nature, there are more than 250,000 species of flowering plants, and they represent the most wide spread groups of plants
1 mg/L benzyl aminopurine (BA) combined with 0.1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was the optimum for regenerating shoots and bulblets in in vitro culture of both lilies after six weeks
White heaven) shows that the processes of floral reversion after six weeks in in vitro culture, converting floral to vegetative organogenesis resulted in the formation of a wide range of vegetative organs using young and mature receptacle explants with different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl aminopurine (BA) (Plates 1 and 2)
Summary
There are more than 250,000 species of flowering plants, and they represent the most wide spread groups of plants. In some species, the phenomenon of floral reversion occurs rarely in nature in response to adverse environment and it is affected by photoperiod and hormones. This phenomenon can be efficiently induced in some species in vitro under optimal concentrations of auxins and cytokinins (Tooke et al, 2005; lashman and Kamenetsky, 2006; Supriyo et al, 2013). It can be an excellent method for propagating some ornamental geophytes. It has been shown that it is a great alternative to explants of underground storage organ for overcoming the problem of heavy contamination which usually occurs in these organs (Ziv and Lilien- Kipnis, 2000; Poluboyarova et al, 2011)
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