Abstract
This research effort seeks to use doses of thioridaxine to enhance antibiotic sensitivity in a multidrug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strain. Five axenic (pure) strains of S. aureus coded SA 1 to SA 5 were obtained from five infected midstream urine samples, inoculated on sterile cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar and stocked on sterile nutrient agar slants at 4°C in a refrigerator. Bacteria strains were sub-cultured on fresh sterile CLED agar and mannitol salt agar plates to confirm S. aureus strains. Gram staining, catalase test and coagulase test were done on the resulting colonies to further confirm the strains as S. aureus . Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by agar disc diffusion method using sterile Mueller- Hinton agar plates before and after treatment with laboratory dilutions of thioridaxine. S. aureus strains 1, 3 and 5 were multidrug resistant as they resisted 3 (37.5%), 3 (37.5%) and 4 (50.0%) of the antibiotics used. The highest (11.8±1.4 mm) and least (0.8±10.0 mm) zones of inhibition by all five strains were recorded for streptomycin and augmentin, respectively whereas, all five uropathogen strains resisted cloxacillin, they were sensitive to gentamycin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. After treatment with 2000 to 2240 ug/ml laboratory dilutions of thioridaxine, ≤50.0% loss of resistance was recorded for each of all seven dilutions but only 2240 ug/ml dilution recorded mean±S.E. loss of 56.2±17.8% for gentamycin, cotrimoxazole and streptomycin after treatment of SA 5 uropathogen. This was followed by resistance losses of 41.4±10.8 and 42.7±8.3% induced by 2080 and 2200 ug/ml dilutions, respectively. Cumulative effect of all dilutions resulted in 40.0±8.2 and 40.5±17.1% borderline resistance losses to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of chloramphenicol was lowered by 2080, 2160 and 2240 ug/ml dilutions of thioridazine by four-fold (7.5 ug), four-fold (7.5 ug) and two-fold (15 ug), respectively. Upon this, the medical/chemotherapeutic implications of these findings are discussed. Key words : In vitro, dilutions, thioridaxine, enhance, antibiotic, sensitivity, multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Highlights
Antibiotics resistance is not a new phenomenon.the current magnitude and speed with which it is developing is a cause for global concern (Namita et al., 2012)
The five bacterial uropathogens were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing before treatment with laboratory dilutions of thioridaxine
(11.8±1.4 mm) and least (0.8±10.0 mm) zones of inhibition by all five strains were recorded for streptomycin and augmentin, respectively
Summary
Antibiotics resistance is not a new phenomenon. The current magnitude and speed with which it is developing is a cause for global concern (Namita et al., 2012). According to WHO (2012), antimicrobial resistance is on the rise in Europe and all over the world with gradual loss of first line antimicrobials. Epidemiological studies have suggested that antibiotic resistance genes emerge in microbial populations within five years of the therapeutic introduction of an antibiotic (Chakrabarty et al, 1990).
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