Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity are very common chronic diseases in today’s world. Patients with such conditions may have medication related problems. Assessment was made on the impact of clinical pharmacists’ led education and counselling in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes in a hospital setting. This study was done at the medical outpatient department (OPD) of a Municipal Hospital in Tema in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. This was an intervention study conducted in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes (n=338). Patients were randomized to the case group (n=144) and the control group (n=194). Patients in the case group received the education and counselling from the clinical pharmacists’, whilst patients in the control group had the usual care. Patients in the case group had a better knowledge (p<0.0001) and adhered (p<0.0001) to their medication than those in the control group. The case group had a significant reduction in body mass index (p=0.005), systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) and fasting plasma blood glucose (p<0.0001). The clinical pharmacists’ led counselling and education to support the management of co-morbid hypertension and diabetes at the hospital helped improved patient outcomes. Key words: Co-morbid, diabetes, hypertension, intervention, counselling, education.
Highlights
The cumulative burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) demands for health care personnel to address its management comprehensively
Patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes face a myriad of challenges to their health
The case group was subjected to an intervention program provided by the clinical pharmacists which included a face to face interview which lasted for 10-20 min for the first session
Summary
Counselling, which is pivotal to pharmaceutical care, helps clients become more empowered to make informed decisions concerning the appropriate treatment with prescription and non-prescription medicines This includes suitable actions to be taken in the event of side effects and adverse drug reactions. Many studies around the world in recent times have reported the importance of pharmaceutical care in the management of patients with hypertension (Robinson et al, 2010; Skowron et al, 2011) and diabetes (Nogueira et al, 2020; Sriram et al, 2011) All these reinforce the fact that the normalization of blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly prevent complications and improve the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of counselling and education led by clinical pharmacists in patients with comorbid hypertension and type -2-diabetes mellitus
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