Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the genotypic pathogenicity traits of vaginal high-risk infectious bacteria (HRIB) collected in the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin). To achieve this, a recto-vaginal swab of 42 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy was collected. Species identification was carried out by specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the microbiology standard recommendation. Macrolide resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria and virulence genes in Escherichia coli were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli is the most isolated species (14.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.8%). Mono-microbial carriage was 55.9%. Gram-negative antibiotic susceptibility shows strong resistance to beta lactam. While Gram-positive bacteria showed strong resistance to beta-lactamine, tetracycline and macrolides with cMLSB (70.4%), iMLSB (3.7%) and M (25.9%) phenotypes. ErmB and ermTR were not detected in Gram-positive bacteria but mef(A/E) was detected at a high. Virulence genes in E. coli were detected and fimA was the most common (52.2%) followed by sfa/foc (30.4%) and cnf1 (13.0%). NeuC and ibeA have not been detected. The hvgA virulence gene was detected in S. agalactiae at a rate of 61.54%. These results demonstrate the importance of introducing antenatal screening for HRIB to improve obstetric and neonatal management in Benin. Key words: Pregnant woman, vaginal swab, neonatal infection, virulence factor.
Highlights
Maternal-fetal bacterial infection is an infection of the newborn resulting from vertical mother-to-fetal transmission that occurs during the perinatal period (Arora et al, 2017)
The overall frequency of monomicrobial vaginal carriage of species isolated from vaginal samples (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Pseudomonas spp., Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), S. aureus, S. agalactiae, Streptococcus species
E. coli is found as a monomicrobial (Table 3) in 14.7% of cases, followed by K. pneumoniae (11.8%), S. agalactiae, Streptococcus spp., and enterococci (5.9%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and S. aureus (2.9%)
Summary
Maternal-fetal bacterial infection is an infection of the newborn resulting from vertical mother-to-fetal transmission that occurs during the perinatal period (Arora et al, 2017). It is mainly due to genital colonization by vaginal bacteria with high risk of infection (Denis et al, 2016). These infectious bacterial can either cause the contamination of the amniotic fluid, or contamination of the newborn during vaginal birth (Rani et al, 2014). Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli are reported to be responsible for the majority of maternal-fetal infections (Akbarian et al, 2016). In developing countries, these infections are caused in major part by Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci but very rarely to S. agalactiae because of the scarcity of vaginal carriage (Iregbu et al, 2013; Ogunlesi et al, 2011)
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