Abstract
The bread wheat is an important crop of Pakistan. The average yield of wheat in the country is much behind the potential yield of the improved wheat cultivars. The low yield of wheat is the consequence of many factors including rust diseases that cause yield along with quality losses. Most of breeding programs in the country lack facilities for screening against rust diseases. Usually, selection is done with inadequate rust epidemic or improper pathotypes. As a result, only a few of released cultivars exhibit desired resistance against the prevailing rust races/pathotypes. A study was conducted from 2007 to 2011 at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan to provide information on the level of resistance in 113 released Pakistani bread wheat cultivars against stripe rust. The results indicated that most of the cultivars exhibited compatible reaction with prevailing pathotypes/races of stripe rust fungus at Islamabad. Only six cultivars including, Tatara, Faisalabad 08, Bahawalpur 94, Sassui, Chakwal 86 and Fakhr-e-Sarhad demonstrated hypersensitive type of resistance against naturally prevailing stripe rust races/pathotypes. However, year x cultivar interaction was observed in many cultivars against stripe rust races. Among the cultivars that showed compatible type of reactions, four were highly partial (non-hypersensitive) resistant (disease severity (DS) < 5% of Morocco), nineteen were partially (non-hypersensitive) resistant (DS < 20% of Morocco), forty-three were moderately partial (non-hypersensitive) resistant (DS < 50% of Morocco) and forty-one were moderately to highly susceptible. Virulence was observed against resistant genes YrA, Yr2, Yr4 Yr6, Yr7, Yr9 and Yr27. Key words: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, stripe rust, virulence, wheat, Yr genes.
Highlights
Being the staple food of people of Pakistan, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has economical importance
In the remaining 4 years, wet weather with optimum temperature supported the development of stripe rust, provided chance for comparison of wheat cultivars under study
The majority of Pakistani bread wheat cultivars were protected against stripe rust by incorporating the Yr genes, YrA, Yr2, Yr4 Yr6, Yr7, Yr18, Yr9, Yr22 and Yr27; the genes, Yr6, Yr7 and Yr9 are occurring more frequently either in combination with other Yr genes or alone (Table 3)
Summary
Being the staple food of people of Pakistan, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has economical importance. It is grown on an area of 9.05 million ha with an average yield of 2657 kg ha-1 (Anonymous, 2010). The average yield of wheat in Pakistan is resting much behind the potential yield of the improved wheat cultivars which is 7000 to 8000 kg ha-1. This low national average yield can be attributed to many factors (Asif and Kamran, 2011; Ahmed et al, 2012) but plant diseases are considered to be the main hindrance.
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