Abstract
Tillage is the physical manipulation of soil to improve physical soil conditions. In Pakistan, various tillage technologies such as primary and secondary tillage affect plant growth, incorporate organic matter residues into the soil, eradicate weeds, and prepare the bed for seed germination preventing soil erosion and preparing the ground for irrigation. Furthermore, tillage practices change soil water holding capacity, temperature, aeration, and the mixing of crop residues within the soil matrix. Today's real agricultural problems are resource depletion with declining production, decreased human resources, and rising prices and societal shifts due to different anthropogenic activities (tillage). These changes in the physical environment and the food supply of the organisms affect different groups of organisms in different ways. In addition, they are also affecting the environment health. Therefore, its management, including conservation tillage and other includes cover crop, organic residues, and direct sowing of rice seedling is necessary to mitigate the problems. The present review discusses the tillage systems effects on soil, plants, environment and their possible solutions.
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