Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) of the family Pedaliaceae is an important and old oil crop that is cultivated mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa for several economic values. Several molecular markers have been employed to study the genetic diversity of this important crop. The study focused on the genetic diversity through polymorphism information content (PIC) by the use of Simple Sequence Repeat markers among randomly collected 22 Sesame germplasm across 2 ecological zones stored in NACGRAB seed Genebank, Nigeria. The extraction procedure followed Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) and the recovered DNA were good with average concentration of 337.00 ng/µL and average quality of 1.795. 30 primers were designed but only 12 with highest genome coverage were used to analyzed the genetic data with NTSYS pc ver.2.02 and Power Marker ver.3.5. The PIC ranged between 0.36 in Primer OTO2 and 0.76 in Primer OTO5. The evolutionary relationship was constructed based on the polymorphic primers and according to their ecological locations. The populations were divided to 2 major clads. Of the 2 ecological zones, the more diverse ecological zone is the derived Savana with 13 accessions, while the less diverse is the humid forest with 9 accessions. Key words: Sesame, genetic diversity, polymorphism information content (PIC), ecological distribution, microsatellite.
Highlights
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n = 26), belonging to the Pedaliaceae family with 60 species organized into 16 genera (Singh et al, 2015) is one of the oldest cultivated plant, considered important for its edible oil (Anilakumar et al, 2010)
Sesame is very important to human being in so many ways, especially in dietary preparation and besides direct consumption, sesame seeds are used as an active ingredient in cosmetic industry (Dossa et al, 2016), decorative elements, antiseptics, bactericides, viricides (Bedigian, 2010), disinfectants, moth repellants
Molecular markers offer a reliable means of identification and to understand the genetic variability in crops as it overcomes the limitation of environmental influence (Wu et al, 2014) and sesame research has witnessed a rapid development of genetic tools molecular markers and their application in genetic diversity studies and marker assisted breeding (Dossa et al, 2017b; Uncu et al, 2017)
Summary
Morphological and agronomic characteristics as well as isozyme and molecular marker analysis have been used to determine genetic diversity in crop species (Alemuet al.,2013). Different molecular marker systems have been developed, with its merit and demerits in terms of ease of use and degree of information to study genetic diversity. Microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) is considered a good choice because of high abundance and reproducibility, easy scoring, low cost, extensive coverage, high polymorphic information content (PIC)and its co dominant nature (Wei et al.,2014; Pandey et al, 2015; Dossa et al, 2017a).
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