Abstract
Local sorghum varieties managed and cultivated by farmers contribute in a large part in crop production of Burkina Faso. The loss of local sorghum varieties were reported, but very few investigations have been made on it. This study was conducted to assess the status of 739 local sorghum varieties collected in four regions of Burkina Faso and to identify the threats factors of sorghum diversity. A sample of 159 varieties identified as “rare” and described by the cycle length, the uses and disadvantageous characteristics has been submitted to a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to determine sorghums groups and characterize them. The results showed a higher varietal richness in the North, East and Centre-East regions compared to the South-West region, with respectively 13.0; 11.7; 10.9 and 6.1 varieties per village. The MCA underlined four main groups of sorghum: custom sorghums, lain period sorghums and tincture sorghums, pharmacopeia sorghums and sweet-stem sorghums; they are characterized by lateness associated to the low grain productivity, earliness associated to the low grain quality, drought sensitivity. For these sorghums groups it appears that the climatic and socio-cultural changes are the main threats factors of sorghum diversity loss. Farmers' associations at regional level and research structures should in common develop suitable initiatives to follow-up and conserve sorghum diversity. Key words: Sorghum, local varieties, lateness, decline of uses, erosion.
Highlights
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a subsistence crop for many farmers in the semi-arid tropics in Africa
The cropping systems based on sorghum used manly local varieties which are part of their strategy to reduce the risks in the constraining areas
Varietal diversity described by farmers Sorghum varieties were classified by farmers in shortcycle, intermediate and long cycle in correspondence to the duration of rainy season in each growing area
Summary
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a subsistence crop for many farmers in the semi-arid tropics in Africa. The cropping systems based on sorghum used manly local varieties which are part of their strategy to reduce the risks in the constraining areas. Teshome et al (1999b) have defined the local varieties as “variable plant populations adapted to local agro-climatic conditions which are named, selected and maintained by the
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