Abstract
There are factors affecting erosion such as climate, soil type, vegetation and topography. Upland areas are denuding exponentially due to the fact that those people looking for livelihood had little concern and awareness on environmental sustainability and management. Upland farming practices that are easy like weeding, pest control and fertilization were often carried out without soil erosion control and water management. The result of the study revealed that an area with intercropped permanent crops has less amount of soil eroded or tolerable annual soil loss. But the areas with short duration crops (cash crops) and which adopted the same cropping pattern from the previous season resulted to severe soil erosion. Calculated annual soil erosion are 3.33, 4.57, 23.18, 0.31 tons and zero erosion for Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, Site 4, and Site 5, respectively. Key words: Intercrop, severe erosion, tolerable erosion, Bataan Philippines.
Highlights
Soil erosion caused by rainfall result application of energy from two distinct sources, namely (a) the falling raindrops and (b) the surface flow
The activities regarding farm and crop improvement such as land preparations, weeding, cropping pattern and calendar are considered in soil and water management of upland areas and affects the amount of soil eroded per year
Site 1 was selected because of the long term or permanent intercrops established like rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), pomelo (Citrus maxima), coconut (Cocos nucifera), coffee (Coffea) and banana (Musa)
Summary
Soil erosion caused by rainfall result application of energy from two distinct sources, namely (a) the falling raindrops and (b) the surface flow. The energy of falling raindrop is applied slantingly or vertically from above, whereas the surface flow is applied more or less horizontally along the surface of the ground. The chief role of the falling raindrop is to detach soil particles, whereas that surface flow (outside the rills and gullies) is to transport the soil. The falling raindrop makes a major contribution to the movement of the soil on unprotected sloping lands during the periods of heavy impact storms, by splashing large quantities downslope and by imparting transporting capacity to the surface water by keeping it turbid. The amount of erosion in one site depends on the range of factors including steepness of slope, soil type, percentage and type of vegetation which covers the area, slope length, amount of rainfall, soil moisture levels prior to specific rainfall events, and condition of soil surface.
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