Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and insufficiency have been linked to poor quality of life (QoL); general weakness, fatigue, and nonspecific pain. Despite abundance of sun light, there is a wide spread VD deficiency in the Arabian Gulf countries. However, the impact of VD deficiency on the quality of life has not been well documented in the Arabian Gulf countries, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study aims to analyze the effect of crude vitamin D levels on quality of life in none pregnant Arab women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study was a prospective cross sectional study, using a sample of 152 subjects of patients aged 13 years and above attending the outpatients’ clinic at King Faisal Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study collected anthropometric and demographic variables, in addition to a small plasma sample from all subjects to measure VD levels, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lipid profile by standard methods. Subjects were categorized according to VD levels as normal (>30 ng/ml), insufficiency (21 to 29 ng/ml), or deficient (≤ 20 ng/ml). The RAND Short Form -36 (SF-36), which consists of 36 questionnaire items was used to measure (QoL) across eight domains for both physically and emotional wellbeing: physical functioning; role limitations due to physical health; role limitations due to emotional problems; energy/fatigue; emotional well-being; social functioning; pain and general health. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between VD levels and QoL. The mean scores in the total sample were 65.5 (SD ±14.6) for the physical component summary (PCS) score and 58.2 (SD ±15.2) for the mental component summary score (MCS). Vitamin D deficiency was overwhelmingly high among subjects across age and sex. The PCS and MCS QoL scores were also lower than the average. However, the study found no association between VD levels and QoL, presumably due to sample size and con-founders. Further studies are needed to identify the impact of VD levels on perceived QoL. Key words: Vitamin D, poor quality of life (QoL), kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), physical component summary (PCS).
Highlights
A sizeable evidence shows that Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and insufficiency are widely prevalent in the worldwide and are commonly thought to be re sponsible
Vitamin D deficiency was overwhelmingly high among the study subjects across age and sex
The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary score (MCS) quality of life (QoL) scores were found lower than the average levels
Summary
The most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 ( known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) (Holick, 2006). The term 'vitamin D' refers to two very similar vitamin forms. The first form, known as Vitamin D2 is obtained from the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the yeast sterol ergosterol and is found naturally in some sun-exposed mushrooms. The second form, vitamin D3, known as cholecalciferol, is created by skin cells in response to the sun light or ultraviolet-B (UVB) light. UVB strikes the skin, and humans synthesize vitamin D3 which is considered as the most “natural” form. Unlike vitamin D3, human beings do not make vitamin D2, but most oilrich fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring contain vitamin D3
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