Abstract
The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of botanical medicine prepared by taking equal amounts of dried stems of Tinospora cordifolia Willd, fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn and rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Linn were evaluated using standard methods. These botanicals have been traditionally used in Indian system of medicine for treatment of fever, joint pain, body ache and muscular pain in the form of single or combined drug therapy. After acute toxicity studies, anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using carrageen induced paw oedema test and antipyretic effect using yeast induced pyrexia method. Tail immersion, hot plate and writhings test were used for determining the analgesic properties. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic flavonoids, tannin and saponins. Significant anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties were noticed in dose dependant manner after methanolic extract administration, especially at 500 mg/kg dose. These test drug activities were sustained and comparable to the standard drugs while exhibiting no acute toxicity. The findings indicate that the methanolic extract possesses significantly high anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties without any acute toxicity possibly due to the presence of flavonoids. Key words: Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, toxicity, botanical medicine.
Highlights
The traditional Indian system of Ayurvedic medicine has mentioned a number of therapeutic cures for common ailments using specific plant parts or their combinations which are relatively free from the side-effects commonly associated with the modern Allopathic system of medicine
The botanical medicine under examination in this study consists of the methanolic extract of equal amounts of dried stems of Tinospora cordifolia Willd, fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn and rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Linn
The animals tested in acute toxicity tests up to the dose of 1200 mg/kg, showed no significant toxic symptoms like sedation, convulsion, diarrhoea, irritation, etc. and no signs of behavioural changes
Summary
The traditional Indian system of Ayurvedic medicine has mentioned a number of therapeutic cures for common ailments using specific plant parts or their combinations which are relatively free from the side-effects commonly associated with the modern Allopathic system of medicine. The botanical medicine under examination in this study consists of the methanolic extract of equal amounts of dried stems of Tinospora cordifolia Willd, fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn and rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Linn. This combined formulation has been used in the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) for the treatment of fever, joint pain, body ache, muscular pain and as a rejuvenator for thousands of years, and has been mentioned for its above mentioned properties in the ancient traditional textbook Charak Samhita (Shastri, 2003). E. officinalis Gaertn known locally as “Amalaki” is a small or medium sized deciduous tree belonging to Euphorbiaceae family found throughout India. The rhizome is reported to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities (Guldur et al, 2010; Nagulendran, 2007)
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