Abstract
A history of anti-government opposition in Ethiopia is a very complex topic and a subject extremely difficult to investigate. It runs through the analysis of intractable social crisis of the entire feudal empire covering a wide range of historical processes across ages to the various people’s movements in contemporary Ethiopia. It also involved different styles and methods over the years ranging from violent to nonviolent, and from dialogues and negotiations to conventional politics. The major purpose of this article is to provide a brief historical overview of the genesis, development, nature and dynamics of civil resistance in light of experiences ranging from the second half of 20th century to the 2015 Oromo and Amhara protest. Key words: Civil resistance, Ethiopian students movement, Ethiopian May-2005 election dissent, everyday forms of resistance, rebellions.
Highlights
A meticulous review of a history of anti-government opposition in Ethiopia gives an expanded list of both violent and nonviolent resistance
An attempt to documenting the cradles of civil resistance in Ethiopia with a common phrase of “social movement” goes back to the 1990s following the overthrow of the Derg (1974-1991) by academics and
Nonviolent anti-regime opposition has been one of the major alternatives people took as a course of conflict action in Ethiopia since the restoration of Emperor Haile Selassie I into the throne in the early 1940s
Summary
A meticulous review of a history of anti-government opposition in Ethiopia gives an expanded list of both violent and nonviolent resistance. There have been many attempts by people to force these regimes to make reforms or call for a total regime change through peaceful means at different times, the subsequent regimes often used excessive force and quelled the opposition. The name Ethiopia and the territory that “modern Ethiopia” occupies has been a matter of contentious debate among scholars, academics and politicians over the years. An attempt to documenting the cradles of civil resistance in Ethiopia with a common phrase of “social movement” goes back to the 1990s following the overthrow of the Derg (1974-1991) by academics and
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