Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carotid baroreceptor (BR) stimulation on blood pressure changes in young male volleyball players and non-athletes. Twenty five young male volleyball players and twenty-five young male non-athletes were recruited for voluntary participation in the present study. A neck suction device (Ekberg,s model) was used for stimulation of carotid baroreceptor. In this study the duration of stimulation was 70 s, and the negative pressure used was -30 mm Hg. Blood pressures were recorded before, during and after ending of stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in sitting position. Indirect pressure assessment was utilized for data acquisition. According to the results of this study, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse blood pressure (PBP) significantly decreased compared to baseline levels in two groups (P<0.001). This research showed that the maximum reduction in SBP and PBP occurred in the 25th second, while for DBP the maximum reduction time was seen in the 5th second during stimulation in two groups. Also, maximum reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in the group of athlete occurred in the 5th second, while in the group of non-athlete, it occurred in the 25th second .Our data showed a more reduction in SBP as compared with DBP, which was more evident in control group, although was not statistically significant. It is concluded that in athletes carotid baroreflex becomes more efficient due to long term physiological adaptations of exercise. Key words: Blood pressure, carotid baroreceptor, male athletes.
Highlights
It is known that the arterial BR play an important role in maintaining arterial pressure because a large fall in arterial pressure occurs with exercise in experimental animals whose arterial BR have been denervated (Melcher and Donald, 1981)
Our data showed that during continuation of stimulation, the peak decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in response to neck suction occurred in the 25th second, while for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) the maximum reduction time was in the 5th second of stimulation in two groups
Our results showed that the decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) pressure was statistically significant during the period of stimulation of BR compared to the baseline levels in athlete and control groups (P
Summary
It is known that the arterial BR play an important role in maintaining arterial pressure because a large fall in arterial pressure occurs with exercise in experimental animals whose arterial BR have been denervated (Melcher and Donald, 1981). It is well known that exercise can lower arterial pressure and restore or partially restore baroreflex control of heart rate and blood. Pressure to more normal values (Timmers et al, 2004). Another study reported that activation of the carotid sinus stimulator before or during exercise caused small reductions in heart rate and large reductions in mean arterial pressure (Joyner, 2006). It is reported that heavy endurance training and overtraining did not change baroreflex sensitivity or blood pressure variability during supine rest in female athletes (Uusitalo et al, 1998). Recent evidence suggests that increases in physical activity produce beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in normal and diseased individuals through reductions in blood pressure and sympathetic outflow in humans (Cornelissen and Fagard, 2005). Animal studies have shown that BR sensitivity is an independent variable that can influence organ damage
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