Abstract
This study provides data on distribution of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the water and sediments in the Ori stream, Iwo, Nigeria. The liquid-liquid extraction method was employed, followed by cleaned up in an alumina column using hexane. Chromatographic separation and quantification were done using Zorbax Eclipse AAA C18 analytical column. The concentrations of DMP, DBP, DEP, and DPP in water (µg/L) ranged from 1.29±1.3 in DBP to 938±780 in DMP while in sediment (µg/kg) ranged from 12.7±15 in DEP to 152±140 µg/kg in DBP. These concentrations were above the USEPA limits of 3 µg/L as recommended for phthalates in water. Key words: Phthalates, liquid-liquid extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), endocrine disruptors, stream.
Highlights
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are well known polymer additives and widely used in industries as plasticizers for polymeric products especially cellulose esters and vinyl chloride copolymers (Adeniyi et al, 2011; EU-RAR, 2008); and non-plasticizers such as paints, varnishes, adhesive, cosmetics, insect repellants, insecticides carriers, propellants, building materials, automobile parts and food packaging (EU-RAR, 2008; Staples et al.1997; Gobas et al, 2004; Zheng et al, 2010) with the aim of improving their flexibility, transparency, durability, longevity and altering physical properties like malleability and flame resistant of synthetic products (Arago et al, 2010; Kanchanamayoon et al, 2012)
Phthalates have been classified as carcinogenic agent and endocrine disruptor for humans
The phthalates were eluted from the column in the order of dimethyl- (DMP), diethyl- (DEP), dibutyl- (DBP), and diphenyl phthalates (DPP)
Summary
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are well known polymer additives and widely used in industries as plasticizers for polymeric products especially cellulose esters and vinyl chloride copolymers (Adeniyi et al, 2011; EU-RAR, 2008); and non-plasticizers such as paints, varnishes, adhesive, cosmetics, insect repellants, insecticides carriers, propellants, building materials, automobile parts and food packaging (EU-RAR, 2008; Staples et al.1997; Gobas et al, 2004; Zheng et al, 2010) with the aim of improving their flexibility, transparency, durability, longevity and altering physical properties like malleability and flame resistant of synthetic products (Arago et al, 2010; Kanchanamayoon et al, 2012). Many health issues associated with these contaminants are well documented in literatures, for instance early puberty in females (Colon et al, 2000); genital defects and low testosterone production (Fisher et al, 2003; Swan et al, 2005); testicular cancer lessened with sperm quality and sperm damage in men (Swan et al, 2005; Rozati et al, 2002; Duty et al, 2003); pre- mature delivery (Duty et al, 2003; Latini, 2003) breathing related health issues like airway obstruction, lung malfunction (Jaakkola et al, 1999) and asthma (Bornehag et al, 2004; Hoppin et al, 2004) These health problems are capable of increasing abnormal development in animals, such as cleft palate, skeletal malformations and fetal death (Aragoet al., 2012); abnormal development in amphibians and crustaceans and to induce genetic lapses (EU-RAR, 2004). The focal thrust of this study was to assess the levels and distributions of PAEs in water and sediment of Ori stream
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