Abstract
This study was conducted to isolate and characterize soil microorganisms capable of solubilizing Chilembwe and Sinda rock phosphates readily available in Zambia. Single isolates were obtained by direct plating and enrichment cultures with succinate, cellulose and glucose as the carbon sources. Isolates were differentiated using colony morphology (form, margin, elevation and colour) and a subset of 20 was chosen for identification using the 16S rRNA gene sequences. After being cultured in nutrient broth and defined medium with tricalcium phosphate as the sole phosphate source, ten isolates were characterized for acid phosphatase enzyme activity. Over 80 isolates were obtained from different rock phosphate-sugar combinations. Isolates had varying morphological characteristics and the 20 strains identified showed a large diversity of organisms belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Burkholderia, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia and two genera not previously reported to have P-solubilizing capabilities, Dyella and Curtobacterium. Both the observed growth and genera to which isolates belonged were dependent on the type of rock phosphate. Almost all isolates tested showed acid phosphatase activity that were similar to previously reported levels, ranging from 0.62 to 4.8 µg p-nitrophenol per 108 cells per hour. This work will be useful as the basis for the development of appropriate seed inocula that can enhance Sinda and Chilembwe rock phosphate dissolution and increased plant available P for crop production. Key words: Chilembwe, Sinda, Rock Phosphate, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Rhizobia, Dyella, Arthrobacter, Curtobacterium, Dyella.
Highlights
United States s Department of Agriculture e, Agricultural Research S ervice, Nation nal Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, US
Iso olates had varying v morp phological characteristic cs and the 2
P a and that use different d carbon n sources, two rock phospha ates read dily available in Zambia were w used: Sinda (S-rock phosphate (RP)) and a Chillembwe (C-RP)) (Figure 1)
Summary
Soils were collected from the Pinney Purdue Agricultural Center in Wanatah, in northwestern Indiana, USA (latitude 41.44278, longitude -86.92905). P a and that use different d carbon n sources, two rock phospha ates read dily available in Zambia were w used: Sinda (S-RP) and a Chillembwe (C-RP)) (Figure 1). The media co ontained per litre e of (S), glucose (G) an bon source (1.9 g glucose, 1.4 g succinate or 1.9 distiilled water: carb g ccellulose), 5 g rock phospha ate (Sinda or Chilembwe), 5 g. M With the th hree carbon sou urces and two ro ock osphates, a totall of six treatmen nts were used and each replica ated pho ng to the soil sa amples collected). Microorganism m growth on aga ar plates and in enrichm ment cultures wa as observed and recorded. 0 selected isola ates due to poo or growth h of some of the isolates in the nutrient b broth. RNA gene (app proximately 1500 using the almost full length 16S rR at was PCR am mplified using ba acteria specific p primers (27F, 5’bp) tha AGA G
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